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认识汉学,不如从这几本书开始

2017-08-18 16:07:14   中国青年网

《在中国发现历史》

(美)柯文

社会科学文献出版社

《东印度公司对华贸易编年史》

(美)马士 广东人民出版社

《中华帝国的衰落》

(美)魏斐德

民主与建设出版社

《西洋镜:一个英国皇家建筑师画笔下的大清帝国》

(英)托马斯·阿罗姆 威廉·亚历山大 台海出版社

《荷兰汉学家高罗佩研究》

施晔 上海古籍出版社

《在中国发现历史》

(美)柯文

社会科学文献出版社

《东印度公司对华贸易编年史》

(美)马士 广东人民出版社

《中华帝国的衰落》

(美)魏斐德

民主与建设出版社

《西洋镜:一个英国皇家建筑师画笔下的大清帝国》

(英)托马斯·阿罗姆 威廉·亚历山大 台海出版社

《荷兰汉学家高罗佩研究》

施晔 上海古籍出版社

■蔡辉

黑格尔曾说:“中国历史从本质上看是没有历史的,它只是君主覆灭的一再重复而已,任何进步都不可能从中产生。”

黑格尔此说一度代表了西方主流观点。当时西方学者认为中国历史发生了停滞,或历史出现了衰退,否则就很难解释,为什么古代中国人曾创造那么灿烂的文化,可到1840年时,却远远落后于西方。

在西方的观念中,历史是一个从低到高、从简单到复杂的过程,而从中国史料中,确实很难梳理出这样一条脉络来,这与中国古人持静止历史观有关,他们不太关心道德典范之外的事,很少对物质文明史、生活史、风俗史等产生兴趣。

不论是持停滞说,还是衰退说,都会将中国近代史套入“冲击—回应模式”、“传统—近代模式”、“帝国主义模式”的解释范式中,必然走进无法自圆其说的困境。

柯文认为,中国近代发展存在着内部资源,不应过高估计外部冲击的作用,否则就难以理解太平天国、义和团运动中,一些传统的文化死灰复燃。事实上,任何一个文明只能沿着自己本然的逻辑向前发展,外部因素并非决定性的,还应寻找其内部的因。

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