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神牛开河到偏关

2017-08-18 10:16:28   中国青年网

自从在八达岭上与长城结识,我便为它着迷。这些年来,断断续续走过许多段,将来还要走下去。万卷书伴万里路。长城和黄河,中华文明的两大地理坐标,是舞动在神州大地上的两条巨龙,值得用心走一走。

“九曲黄河十八弯,神牛开河到偏关。明灯一亮受惊吓,转身犁出个老牛湾。”童谣唱出了偏关的古老传说。黄河一路咆哮,冲出河套平原,被明灯山逼出了一道“几”字形大拐弯后,在偏关一头扎进了黄土高原。偏头关,长城外三关之首;老牛湾,黄河入晋第一湾。老牛湾堡,是偏头关十八堡中的第一堡,长城与黄河在这里牵手,沿着晋陕大峡谷,并肩南行几十公里,一个在山梁搅动历史尘烟,一个在谷底卷起滔滔黄沙,直到保德县才依依惜别。

老牛湾堡更像一座石头城,石径、石屋、石拱、石墙、石碾、石磨、石碌碡……这里大多建筑已人去屋空,荒草封住了院落。留下的村民,有的开起了客栈。吃过大锅炖的黄河鲤鱼,在这石头城里宿一夜,与当年充边的戍卒,心境难以相照,却也要催人吟诵千古绝调。

长城长,黄河黄。历史变换了它的镜头,书写着动人的篇章,今日的老牛湾,滚滚浊流已成过往,下游的万家寨水坝致河水泥沙沉淀,雄浑高亢的黄河竟一下子秀气妩媚起来,碧波平湖,婉约端庄。而孤傲的长城却仍旧保持着本色,斑驳逶迤,盘桓在黄河东岸。

修筑长城,就地取材,植被稀疏的黄土高原,难以烧出数量惊人的青砖,长城便换了一套行头,黄土夯筑后,不再用条石、青砖包砌;而且很多是单边封顶墙,上面不能站人,周边则散布着大量的墩台、战台与接火台,作为长城的辅助建筑,用以发射弓箭火器、传递敌情。

老牛湾堡北百余米,有一座望河楼,所在恰如牛鼻子上软骨穿孔处。单从空心包砖的制式,可见此楼的重要。盘踞悬崖,俯瞰河湾,目送河水南下。黄河映敌楼,虽无山海关“天开海岳”的气势,却也自有一番威势!南门上的匾额依稀可辨“万历岁丁丑夏”,想必这就是它的诞日了。

我们乘上一艘轻盈似燕的快艇,沿着河道迤逦而行,领略黄河峭壁的险峻多姿。这百丈断崖,是构成偏关防御的另一道长城。来到对岸内蒙古一侧,历史上,这里是瓦剌部饮马黄河的地方。登顶,回看绝壁下的水湾,独有一番景致,对岸的老牛湾堡和点点烽燧仍然在注视着这片苍凉之地,只是狼烟已消散。

老牛湾确有一股老牛的精神,它积淀下来的不只是黄河的泥沙,还有人文和历史的沧桑厚重。(赵威)

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