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交易平台乱象丛生 风险向金融领域渗透

2017-08-18 09:42:04   中国青年网

近年来,我国比特币交易活跃,价格涨多落少,并从年初的一枚1000美元左右一路飙升至4000美元。随着比特币正在成为部分投资者的套利工具,风险逐渐蔓延至金融领域。

7%的持有量

却占全球交易量的8成

随着比特币价格的不断攀升,国内比特币的投资者也越来越多。根据国内比特币交易平台数据统计,目前国内交易平台客户资金余额已高达数十亿元人民币,资产规模大于零的投资者超百万人。

“在中国,比特币的持有量仅占全球总量的7%,但成交量却是国外的数倍,交易量占全球的八成以上,如此高的换手率凸显出部分人的投机心理。”中国社科院支付清算中心特约研究员赵鹞表示,比特币市场容量较小,没有涨跌幅限制,兑换价格容易被投机分子控制,价格暴涨暴跌引发的投机风险不容忽视。

目前,比特币的快速发展已引起国际上的高度关注,各国陆续出台监管措施。2013年中国人民银行等五部委发布《关于防范比特币风险的通知》,将比特币定义为一种特定的虚拟商品,并要求各金融机构和支付机构不得接受比特币或以比特币作为支付结算工具,不得开展比特币与人民币及外币的兑换服务等。

交易平台乱象丛生

风险逐渐向金融领域渗透

比特币因其可匿名、不受国界限制、不易追踪等特性,往往被不法分子利用,成为洗钱、传销、走私等违法犯罪活动的工具。随着近几年比特币交易平台发展风生水起,比特币的风险产生了新变化,正逐步向金融领域传递。

人民银行透露,今年年初,人民银行多次对比特币交易平台开展现场检查发现,北京的部分平台未经批准擅自开展融资业务、未充分履行反洗钱义务,火币网曾因涉嫌市场操纵而被投资者起诉至法院;BTC100存在虚增其平台比特币交易规模的情况。

此外,目前国内比特币平台高达数十亿元的客户资金缺乏第三方存管,客户资金面临“跑路”风险。

监管面临挑战

违规平台应受重罚或关停

在比特币风险不断积聚的背景下,监管部门采取一系列措施对比特币及其交易平台进行清理整顿,取得了一定成效。相比2016年末,北京地区主要交易平台成交量和成交金额大幅下降99%以上,全球以人民币计价的比特币交易占比由95%大幅下降至目前的15%左右,比特币价格变化也由中国市场主导转为国际市场主导。

“按理说,比特币不能兑换成人民币,也不能用于支付结算,交易量应该逐渐萎缩。但事实上,这几年国内比特币价格在大幅波动中不断攀升,交易平台客户资金存量规模也越来越大,这些交易资金哪里来?”赵鹞认为,部分金融机构和支付机构没有严格执行五部委的要求,违规为比特币交易提供了便利。

专家建议,相关部门应建立比特币交易平台投资者的实名审查制度,实现交易和兑换过程透明化;加大对比特币交易平台违规行为的惩治力度,对部分严重违规的比特币交易平台进行关停取缔。

据新华社

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