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法国对外贸易领域逆差持续增大
2017-08-18 09:35:16 中国经济网
经济日报-中国经济网巴黎8月18日讯(记者 李鸿涛)据法国海关公布的统计数据显示,自2016年7月至2017年6月一年间,法国出口外贸领域赤字上涨了约50%。今年上半年,法国商品与服务领域进出口贸易逆差为343亿欧元,达到自2012年以来的最高值,这一数字在2016年上半年为230亿欧元。
今年7月,法国欧洲与外交部长勒德里昂在接受《回声报》采访时曾表示:“法国当前的对外贸易极其令人担忧。”而本次法国海关公布数据将再次加大法政府对外贸领域的担忧情绪。对此,法国《世界报》指出,尽管当前法国经济有所改善并逐渐步入缓慢复苏通道,失业率有所下降,私营领域发展整体向好,但外贸领域逆差的持续增大,放大了法国在外贸领域竞争力不足的脆弱面。在与欧洲其他国家尤其是有经常性外贸盈余的德国进行对比后,法国在外贸领域的劣势则显得尤为突出。
法经济学家帕里克·阿尔图认为,造成近年贸易逆差持续扩大的原因主要有:一是在很长一段时间,法国在外贸领域由于缺少核心竞争力而始终处于相对弱势,没有抓住世界经济持续复苏的良好时机,使法国在世界市场中的份额逐年降低。今年上半年,尽管法国在奢侈品与红酒等产品的出口表现较为抢眼,但出口总额仅增长了1.3%,这一现象在与法国第一大贸易伙伴德国的互动中显示得尤为明显。法国经济部曾指出:“与法国相比,德国充分调动了与新兴欧盟成员国的贸易交往,而法国在这一点上则显得非常不足。”二是当前法国国内的生产制造业无法良好地满足国内市场日益上涨的各类需求。面对“法国制造”的缺失,法国市场更多的选择了外国商品,如德国的机械、日本的机器人、韩国的手机等。据统计,法国的进口额在一年内上涨了约4.4%。
面对长年的贸易逆差,法国私营企业协会经济学家奥利维尔·施米拉认为,当前,法国经济正逐步复苏,制造业、私营领域等活力也在持续增强。面对当前良好的经济局面,法政府应抓住难得的发展窗口,扭转法国在外贸领域的被动局面。施米拉说:“我们需要认识到,外贸领域的投资与扩张都是呈周期性的,只不过我们的合作伙伴在上一个贸易周期比法国收益得更多。”未来,法国政府需要尽快展开经济领域的结构性改革,通过积极的刺激政策,一方面继续保持国内消费的增长,进一步提高国内消费对经济与就业领域的贡献度;另一方面,法国亟须重建“法国制造”的吸引力,以开放的态度重构法国行业链条与竞争力,使法国能够在国际高端市场实现自身的产品价值,找到一条连贯且可持续的良性发展道路。
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