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全区协同,医药分家

2017-08-18 07:13:31   中国青年网

——破解“看病难”“看病贵”的香港经验

8月5日,香港九龙亚皆老街北侧,香港医管局大楼掩映在一片绿树丛中,静谧如常。7楼的指挥中心内,却完全是另外一番场景:电子屏幕上,各种数据不断闪烁,实时画面上,救护车呼啸着在大街小巷穿梭……

时值流感爆发,整个医疗系统进入一年中最繁忙的时刻。“尽管如此,但几乎所有病人都得到了及时治疗。面对挑战,我们忙而不乱。”香港医管局总行政经理刘少英这样评价当地医疗系统的工作状态。□本报记者 梁现瑞 袁婧

解决看病难:电子病历全港医院共享,病人可实时查询选择医生

面对如此集中爆发的病情,如何做到忙而不乱?

刘少英给我们破译了其中的奥秘。整个香港,有48家政府公立医院,分布在不同的区域,遇到突然爆发的重大情况,这些医院就会集体行动,共同应对。

在这个过程中,作为负责管理公立医院及诊所的法定机构,香港医管局将所有医院组织起来,对全港所有医疗资源进行统筹分配,确保市民在发病之后能够得到及时有效的治疗。

“如果遇到极端情况,所有医院爆满怎么办?”记者抛出问题。对此,刘少英回应说,尽管这种全部满员的情况非常罕见,但他们也有应对的办法。因为各个医院都有一些备用病床,极端情况下可以加开临时病床,尽最大努力满足市民就诊需求。

如何实现协同?刘少英的答案是,除了体制机制上保证所有公立医院服从调配以外,更重要的是信息的沟通。

香港目前已经全部实现了病历电子化,各个医院之间的检查结果和病历都是完全共享的,在一个医院检查后,到另外一个医院去开药,不用重复检查。

同时,市民可以通过手机,随时查询到每个医院、科室甚至每个医生当前的就诊排队情况。如果某个医生排队太长,病人自然会选择另外一个医院排队稍短的医生诊治。

如何避免大医院人满为患、小医院门可罗雀的状况呢?刘少英介绍说,各个公立医院的发展都是相对均衡的,而这背后是财力的均衡供应和资源的均衡调度,所以很少出现冷热不均的现象。

解决看病贵:市民看病有限额补贴,医生收入与看病多少脱钩

看病贵是不少地方反映的普遍问题,香港如何应对这个问题呢?

对此,刘少英介绍说,当前,香港市民在公立医院看病,每天只需要付120港元的费用,包括药费、住院费等所有费用。费用不足政府给予补贴,确保市民可以用较低的费用接受医疗服务。

“如何杜绝医生开大处方呢?”记者问。刘少英解释,当地早已经作出规定,医院考核医生,不仅与病人付费多少无关,也与看病人数量无关。如此一来,医生将不再像传统医院那样背负“创收”压力,可以做“纯粹的医生”,所以就不会出现大处方。

同时,为了保证医院能够采购到价格相对低廉的药品,香港实行严格的药品公开采购制度,整个过程中,医生都不会参与。加之,各个环节都受到各个方面严格的监督,一旦出现徇私,将受到严厉的惩处。“没人敢以身试法。”刘少英说。

“有没有可能出现药品太便宜,药厂不愿意生产,导致病人买不到便宜药呢?”刘少英认为,完全没有这个担忧,如果这个药品市场很受欢迎,而药厂已经没有任何利润可言,市场自然会抬高价格,确保药厂有利可图。

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