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国家林业局:下半年全国主要林业生物灾害仍将偏重发生

2017-08-16 12:23:01   中国经济网

经济日报-中国经济网北京8月16日讯 据国家林业局网站消息,国家林业局森林病虫害预测预报中心日前组织专家会商,预计下半年全国主要林业生物灾害仍将偏重发生,新发7000万亩左右,全年合计达1.8亿亩。

专家会商结果具体包括六大类:

一、松材线虫病加速扩散,防控形势异常严峻。疫情县数量、发生面积和病死树数量将有所增加。胶东半岛、浙闽粤东南沿海、秦巴山区、鄂西南、赣中南、辽东半岛等地新发疫情的可能性极高。安徽黄山市辖区、渝东南、桂东南、浙西南等地新发疫情的可能性较高。河南南部、湖北黄冈、四川广元有新发疫情的可能。不排除在山西南部、辽宁腹地乃至吉林出现新疫情的可能。

二、美国白蛾疫情继续向南北两端扩散,但危害总体较轻。苏皖江淮地区、河南东南部、湖北东北部,疫情由点块状向片状发展。沿江及长江以南、华北北部,疫情将向南北两端跳跃式发生,上海、浙江存在新传入风险。预计下半年新增700万亩。山东及其以北老发生区,危害整体以轻度为主。苏北、皖北、豫东南局地将偏重发生。

三、森林鼠(兔)害对干旱半干旱地区新植林地、退耕还林地及荒漠林构成严重威胁。下半年,全国预计新增1400万亩,在新疆准噶尔盆地南缘、黄土高原沟壑区、宁夏南部山区、内蒙古阿拉善盟等地发生严重,甘肃河西地区、宁夏固原地区局部成灾。

四、食叶害虫危害同比整体略有加重,局地暴发突发。松毛虫仍呈高发态势,下半年预计新增600万亩,其中马尾松毛虫将在皖南、湘西南、赣中、桂东南等地偏重发生。以杨树舟蛾为主的杨树食叶害虫预计新增1400万亩,在江汉、黄淮海等地危害加重,在湖北中南部、河北中部个别村庄及公路林网可能成灾。

五、松钻蛀害虫危害加重,杨钻蛀害虫总体平稳。松钻蛀害虫下半年预计新增650万亩,松褐天牛在渝中、桂东、浙南以及赣、鄂大部,华山松大小蠹在秦岭山区,切梢小蠹在云贵川偏重发生。梢斑螟在黑龙江西部樟子松生态防护林和东南部红松球果林中危害进一步加剧。红脂大小蠹在内蒙古、辽宁有新发危险。杨钻蛀害虫危害总体平稳,但光肩星天牛在内蒙古鄂尔多斯仍危害较重。

六、竹林、桉树和经济林病虫发生面积不断增大,下半年预计新增1200万亩。核桃、苹果、梨、枣等经济林病虫害在西北、西南等地区发生面积有所增加,危害偏重。油茶病虫害在湖南、湖北、江西、广西等地的油茶产区危害加重,局地病害流行。桉树等速生丰产林病虫害在两广及闽滇仍将偏重发生。黄脊竹蝗在湖南、江西,刚竹毒蛾在湖北、江西呈高发态势,局部可能成灾。苹果蠹蛾可能出现新扩散。

专家建议,在做好春秋两季专项调查的同时,更加突出松材线虫病的日常监测。严格疫木源头管理,加大违法涉疫案件的立案、查处、督察和宣传力度。强化新发疫区管理,加大督查督办力度,落实生态环境损害责任追究。加强林业生物灾害的监测和预报,强化突发灾害的应急处置。整合传统预测和大数据融合分析手段,强化应急防控,加强应急队伍建设,做好应急防控物资储备。下半年,重点加强重大外来林业有害生物新发疫情的处置。

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