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“物理学家-2”:先下手为强的“决斗鱼雷”

2017-08-16 10:45:40   国际在线

专家聊装备

自问世以来,鱼雷在历次海战中取得了辉煌战绩。二战中,鱼雷甚至击沉了近半数的舰艇。“于无声处听惊雷”成为鱼雷最好的诠释。

近日,俄罗斯媒体报道称,在装备新型“物理学家-2”通用大深度自导鱼雷之后,俄罗斯的第四代核潜艇北风之神级和白蜡树级能在被敌方舰艇发现之前,在任何潜深发射鱼雷并摧毁对方,攻击范围包括潜艇及航母在内的各种目标。

军事评论员黎晓川告诉科技日报记者,“‘物理学家-2’鱼雷是‘物理学家-1’的改进型,也被称为‘物理学家-2000’或‘罩子’,计划在今年投入批量生产。根据俄媒体报道,改进后的鱼雷最大航速达到65节,最大航程达到60千米。其性能指标已经可以满足反航母作战的需要”。

性能满足反航母作战需要

提到“物理学家-2”鱼雷,必须先谈谈苏联自上世纪80年代开始研制的“物理学家-1”鱼雷。

黎晓川介绍,“物理学家-1”鱼雷是一种热动力通用鱼雷,可攻击潜艇和水面舰艇,1986年开始研制,一直到2015年才进入俄罗斯海军服役。它是一种533毫米通用重型鱼雷,长7.2米,重2200千克,战斗部300千克,最大航速55节,最大航程约50千米。特别是,全雷信息控制中心按控制一体化原则将雷上所有系统的信息连接,构成统一信息空间,先进的算法使该型鱼雷具有了一定的人工智能能力。与“物理学家-1”相比,“物理学家-2”重点改进了自导系统和动力装置,增加了航速、航程和对目标的捕获距离。

“必须要提到的是苏联在上世纪70年代开始研制并装备的650毫米超大口径鱼雷。发展这种鱼雷,主要目的是利用其‘双五’的机动能力,即50节最大航速和50千米航程,满足反航母作战需要。但在发展第四代核潜艇过程中,俄罗斯不再发展650毫米鱼雷,其中一个重要原因就是随着技术的发展,在533毫米标准口径鱼雷上,已经能够实现‘双五’甚至‘双六’的指标,比如‘物理学家-1’和‘物理学家-2’。”他说。

航速更快、航程更远

尽管具体指标尚未公布,但据称这种鱼雷的性能优于美国最先进的Mk48Mod7鱼雷,它噪音更小、速度更快、射程更远,可杀伤包括潜艇及航母在内的各种目标。

记者了解到,MK48鱼雷是美国在上世纪60年代开始研制、70年代开始批量装备的一型533毫米口径的热动力重型通用鱼雷。目前,MK48在美国海军的现役型号主要是Mod6型和Mod7型。其中,Mod6型鱼雷长5.86米,重1680千克,战斗部295千克,最大航速55节,最大航程约38千米。而Mod7型鱼雷在保持Mod6型基本性能的同时,大幅度提高了在水声条件复杂浅水域作战能力,通过在自导系统中换装通用宽频声呐系统,从而在50米的浅水域航行时,导引头仍能够准确判断出目标的航向和方位。

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