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如果“巨浪-3”不是传说

2017-08-16 10:45:40   国际在线

潜射弹道导弹是指由潜艇发射的弹道导弹,是核三位一体的关键一极。核潜艇上需要携带装有核弹头的战略导弹,才能构成一个国家的二次核打击能力,因此任何潜射弹道导弹的一举一动都会成为媒体焦点。

近日,网络上出现的图片显示,中国海军唯一一艘032型弹道导弹常规动力潜艇的指挥塔围壳进行了改装,后部升高。有媒体认为,它的改装是为试验新型的“巨浪-3”潜射弹道导弹做准备。

科技日报记者了解到,目前尚无官方渠道消息证实“巨浪-3”的存在,不过有一点可以肯定,传说中的“巨浪-3”性能无疑会更加先进,而且会借鉴很多现有的先进技术。

“巨浪-2”性能接近俄“布拉瓦”导弹

军事评论员王强介绍,“中国实行积极的防御政策,具备三位一体有限核反击能力。据媒体报道,在潜射弹道导弹方面,我国现有潜射导弹主要是‘巨浪-2’型导弹”。

1967年,我国开始了固体战略弹道导弹的攻关和研制工作。经过反复论证后,我国将“巨浪-1”定位为潜地固体弹道导弹,这是中国首枚固体战略弹道导弹,且最初研究定位为“一弹两用”,既是核潜艇导弹,在陆地上又可作陆基机动导弹。

1982年10月12日,“巨浪-1”型固体战略导弹发射成功。它的成功标志着我国成为世界上第五个拥有潜艇水下发射核导弹能力的国家,具备了二次核打击能力。

公开资料显示,“巨浪-2”潜射洲际弹道导弹,是东风-31弹道导弹的改良型,是我国二次核打击的主力,构成核三位一体的重要一环。但也有专家认为,“巨浪-2”潜射弹道导弹和东风-31弹道导弹早在设计阶段就一同研制,总体方案设计兼顾了两者需求,“巨浪-2”不是简单海基版的东风-31,而是进行了很多改进。

王强介绍,“综合媒体报道,‘巨浪-2’型导弹应该是采用三级固体火箭发动机,起飞重量超过50吨,能携带多枚分导核弹头,射程达到8000公里左右。‘巨浪-2’性能接近法国的M45导弹和俄罗斯‘布拉瓦’导弹,但与美国‘三叉戟’ⅡD-5导弹相比,在射程、投掷重量、弹头数量、精度等方面仍有差距。”

潜射导弹技术仅少数国家掌握

境外媒体报道称,“巨浪-3”潜射导弹的总体性能要比“巨浪-2”先进一代,达到或超过美国“三叉戟”ⅡD-5的水平。

王强介绍,“三叉戟”ⅡD-5导弹的核心技术主要集中在弹体、发动机、制导等多方面。该弹外壳采用凯夫拉环氧树脂纤维缠绕,具有强度大、重量轻的特点。发动机则应用推力矢量控制技术,柔性接头技术,加上先进焊接技术,不但保证了大推力需要,也提高了发动机的可靠性。D5弹采用MK-6星光制导技术,并通过新型转化器并和新制式系统软件,与GPS系统形成了高效复合制导,在快速反应与作战瞄准综合系统配合下,显著提高了发射准备操作自动化程度,使导弹重新装定诸元时间大为缩短。更值得关注的是,“三叉戟”ⅡD-5的再入载具圆概率误差可到90米。

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