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新媒体渠道“拼团游”:暴露旅游监管盲区

2017-08-16 10:39:55   央广网

眼下,微信群、QQ群已经不仅是熟人之间的交往空间,有的已经发展为信息发布渠道,甚至商业营销渠道。有报道指出,一些组织、机构或个人将之作为组织旅游的工具,虽然受到不少人的欢迎,但当安全事故发生的时候,如何界定责任却又成一大问题。

借助于微信群组成旅游团,虽然都提前约定好“风险自担”,但一旦发生风险有可能“非死即伤”。如去年广州一名女驴友与其他3人结伴徒步喀纳斯迷路失联,不幸遇难,今年多支户外团队在宝鸡市太白山玩穿越,结果暴风雪导致2名驴友遇难,多人失联。根据《侵权责任法》第三十七条规定,“群众性活动的组织者,未尽到安全保障义务,造成他人损害的,应当承担侵权责任”。即便是不以盈利为目的、依靠兴趣爱好组织起来的纯玩“拼团游”,也很难用一句“风险自担”了事。此外,更值得注意的是出现的一些新情况,比如很多“拼团游”背后有经营主体,一些不具旅游资质的企业或组织通过活动捞钱,更有甚者还兼有推广、销售产品的目的,消费者一旦“入坑”,不仅体验糟糕,也恐难维护自己的合法权益。

从资质和要求来看,《旅游法》规定为游客提供旅游服务的经营单位不仅要取得旅游主管部门许可,还要办理工商登记,并和游客签订旅游服务合同,其中明确规定要投保旅行社责任保险,并规定了若干其他责任事宜。而一些借助于新媒体渠道的“拼团游”,则打了法律的“擦边球”,既在实质上开展了旅游服务,又很难进行取证和处罚。如同网约车伊始所遇到的问题,虽然法律规定载客需要资质许可,但司机也可以顺载家人、朋友。同样,“拼团游”的消费者可能互不相识,但在监管面前,就很难区分它是需要旅行社才能开展的旅游服务,还是亲朋好友一起组织的正常出游。况且,微信群和QQ群属于半私密性网络空间,监管和取证都颇有一些难度。简言之,“拼团游”跳过旅游资质审查,堂而皇之地进入旅游市场,暴露了旅游监管层面的盲区。

由此联想到一种“跨城巴士”的新玩法。最近,一些省份出现打着“校园巴士”旗号的大巴车,往返于不同城市的固定站点,也通过社交渠道招揽乘客。这种大巴较高铁等更为便宜,但同样没有安全保障,经营主体通常是不具运输乘客资质的个体或企业,现有监管层面很难对其进行取证和处罚。与此相似的是还有人建群做小买卖,也是“以盈利为目的”,按照相应资质并不合法。它们和“拼团游”的共通之处在于,通过新媒体渠道绕过资质许可、监管审查,这一点之所以成为可能,原因就在于随着新媒体的发展,很多渠道的社交功能和传播功能变得没有界限,越来越交叉和重叠,甚至社交渠道本身就是信息发布渠道。现在一些人抱怨朋友圈越来越多陌生人,也出现很多莫名其妙的营销、推广信息,说的就是这种现象。

以旅游业为例的“拼团游”,通过新媒体渠道可以招徕大量游客,说明中国旅游市场具有旺盛需求。因此,除了对一些明显违法的事物追究责任,对于具有经营性质的一般行为,或许也能在一禁了之外想想新办法,比如采用疏导方法,敦促其申请旅行社经营许可,投保旅行社责任险,交保障金,将其合法化。

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