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最严监管满周年 4成网贷平台消亡

2017-08-16 09:43:54   中国经济网

大额标平台陆续停业转型,小额消费信贷则顺势崛起

由银监会等四部门联合颁发的《网络借贷信息中介机构业务活动管理暂行办法》(以下简称《办法》)出台已快有一年时间,面对“史上最严网贷监管”,这一年,行业风云变幻,大额标平台陆续停业转型,小额消费信贷则顺势崛起。据统计,经过一年的整治期,已有40%的网贷平台被淘汰,仍有超6成P2P平台未接入银行存管。

由野蛮生长到“良币驱逐劣币”

2007年,国内首家P2P网贷平台在上海成立,P2P网贷在中国已经走过了10个年头。由于缺乏监管措施,初期行业一度呈现“野蛮生长”的态势。2016年8月24日,四部门重拳出击,祭出《办法》,确立了网贷行业“小额、分散、普惠”的发展方向,在网贷平台的备案、借款人的借款限额、投资人资金银行存管,以及类资产证券化等方面都做出了规定。

随后一年,监管政策逐步落地、逐步细化、逐步趋紧。“第三方存管”、“现金贷”、“校园贷”等成为合规主题下的关键词。从最开始的鱼龙混杂、良莠不齐,到后来的“良币驱逐劣币”,网贷行业“合规”步伐加快,但从严格意义上讲,目前网贷行业还没有一家平台完全符合监管要求。

谈及合规的难点,融360网贷评级课题组负责人张懿望指出,“合规的难点一方面是各地监管政策在很多落地的细节方面尚未有最终明确的标准,另一方面,有些合规的要求对于一些平台来讲很难达成,比如小额分散,在单个网贷平台上个人20万元、企业100万元的限额要求,对于很多一开始就主攻大标的平台,要完成转型非常困难,红岭创投就是一个非常典型的例子,最后无奈选择清盘退出。”

就银行资金存管来看,据融360网贷评级组统计数据显示,截至2017年7月底,全国共有380家平台上线银行资金存管系统,仅占正常运营平台数量的37.44%。

大额平台转型小额消费金融

值得注意的是,在监管趋紧的背景下,近一年,超四成平台以不同的方式被淘汰。融360数据显示,2016年8月底,正常运营平台数为1760家,2017年7月底为1015家,平台数量减少了42.32%。从2016年8月底到2017年7月底,累计问题平台909家,其中停业平台607家,占66.8%,跑路平台159家,提现困难117家,转型26家。问题平台数已经由之前的恶性跑路转变为停业和转型为主。收益率方面,2017年7月平台收益率为9.50%,比2016年8月上升0.44个百分点。伴随着各种宝宝理财和银行理财产品收益率的上升,网贷平台用升息来吸引投资者。不过,随着各地监管政策的不断出台,合规成本上升,平台不得不降息维持运营,因此利率下降依然将成为趋势。

张懿望表示,监管层已经对广东地区网贷行业提出了“双降”要求,即网贷行业的平台数量和贷款余额要实现下降,并且对一些体量成长太快的平台进行了“窗口指导”,要求把量降下来。预计未来网贷行业的正常运营平台数还将下降,行业的在贷余额增速将减缓,而且,不排除后续其他地区跟进的可能。

值得注意的是,在强监管下,许多大额平台难以为继,纷纷转型小额分散的消费金融,或者离场;校园贷、现金贷等资产类型纷纷下架;而小微企业借款、汽车金融等小额消费贷则获得了长足发展。一家以小额信贷业务为主的平台高管表示,“现在才是我们发力的最好时机,真正的市场争夺战才刚刚打响”。

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