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最严监管接连“压顶” 余额宝等3000亿级货基临大考

2017-08-15 12:43:11   中国经济网

最严监管接连“压顶” 3000亿级货基临大考

郭璐庆

[基金业协会数据显示,截至今年6月30日,货币型基金有325只,规模5.11万亿,占据总规模的半壁江山。截至目前,500亿以上规模的基金有12只(ABC份额分开计算),余额宝以1.43万亿排名第一,排在第二位的工银瑞信货币的规模为1587亿。]

同业存单的政策加码,对货币基金的影响正在慢慢显现。

“从长期影响来看,如果新规出台,有利于金融去杠杆。短期影响而言,按照现在市场容量来看,单家机构货币基金管理规模一旦达3000亿以上,投资上或会感到较大压力。”华南某基金公司货币基金经理表示。

近日,有市场消息称有关方面正酝酿货基新规,限制或禁止货币基金对部分商业银行同业存单的投资;同时,规定同一基金管理人管理的全部货基投向同一银行的存款、同业存单与债券的总额,不能超过该行净资产的10%。

第一财经记者了解到,一般大型基金公司的货基持仓比例、内部信用评级等风控都限制较严,故在竞争力上,如果新规出台其实是对大型基金公司有利,大型基金公司的货币基金在存单总仓位、个券入池及分散性等方面都作出了严格的规定。

限制货币基金规模

市场传言的货币基金的相关新规包括以下几个方面,一是货币基金禁止投AA+以下的存单;二是AAA以下存单投资比例不得高于10%;三是投资存款、存单及债券不超过银行净资产的10%。

“对规模较大的货基影响要大一些。不过像余额宝这样,里面没有太多的同业存单,以存款为主,影响不大。为了应对随后可能的大规模赎回,余额宝较大比例地投向了银行存款。把它当债券去投资,而不是当做同业存款。”上海某券商债券研究员表示。

余额宝二季报显示,高达83%的资产投向银行存款和结算备付金,7.94%的资产投向了债券,其中的2.37%投向了同业存单。

截至本周,市场一共有355家银行发行同业存单,总体规模将近8.4万亿。同时,根据对存量存单进行分主体的统计,市场同业存单规模排名前20的银行总体存单规模将近5万亿,在数量占比不足6%的情况下,存单规模占比将近60%。

“现在大部分货基的配置比例都是存款和存单,一半的比例是有的。这种情况下,对大基金来说,存单配置比例不多,更多还是存款。如果只是单独计算存单比例,可能的影响不大,但是实际上说,股份制银行的资本金在3000亿~4000亿的规模,10%也就是300亿~400亿。对规模较大的货币基金来说,这块的影响可能就会比较大。余额宝是以存款为主,只是考核存单的比例,但说白了存款和存单是属于一个种类,如果后面存单和存款一起来算比例的话,影响就会很大。”来自北京的公募货币基金经理朱雨(化名)向第一财经记者表示。

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