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国家监察体制改革试点的实践探索

2017-08-16 09:35:59   中国青年网

党中央关于国家监察体制改革的重大决策,是新时期反腐败理论与实践的重大创新,对构建不敢腐、不能腐、不想腐的体制机制和推进国家治理现代化都具有重大的现实意义和战略意义。2016年底,中央决定在北京、山西、浙江3省市开展国家监察体制改革试点工作,目的是为国家监察法的制定和监察体制改革在全国推开提供实践经验。试点地区认真贯彻落实党中央的部署要求,积极稳妥推进改革,勇于实践探索,实现对公职人员监察全覆盖,为监察体制改革在全国推开积累了有益经验。

以党的集中统一领导为前提。试点地区的省(市)委对试点工作负总责,各级党委担负主体责任,确保试点的各项工作有序推进。从监察委员会的组建到转隶人员的安顿,从内设机构的调整到职权运行规范的制定,从监察人员队伍的建设到内外监督机制的建立,从职务犯罪的立案到留置等调查措施的采用等,均由党委主要领导担纲、组织或批准。从试点地区监察委员会的情况来看,监察委员会受上级监察委员会和同级党委双重领导,从组织体制上保障党对监察委员会运行的领导和监督。

以人民代表大会制度为依托。试点地区的监察委员会组建起来以后,反腐败工作可以直接纳入人大及其常委会的监督之下。监察委员会由本级人大产生,监察委主任由本级人大选举产生;监察委副主任、委员由监察委主任提请本级人大常委会任免。监察委员会对本级人大及其常委会和上一级监察委员会负责并接受监督。监察委员会要主动及时地将全年监察工作中的重大问题和履行监督、调查、处置职责的情况向人大常委会报告,使监察工作自觉置于人大的监督之下。对于人大及其常委会所提出的合理建议,监察委员会必须认真听取并及时采取改进措施。

以推进反腐败体制机制创新为重点。试点地区监察委员会在运行过程中,创制了涵盖监察范围、监察职责、监察权限、监察程序、监督管理等内容的监察业务运行工作规程,细化了全国人大常委会授权的12项措施和中央试点方案明确的技术调查、限制出境两项监察措施的使用程序和办法。有的地区还重新设计了监察措施的使用审批程序,确保各项措施的使用规范有序。

以依法控权和监督制约为关键。从试点地区的监察范围看,监察委员会完成组建后,按照管理权限,对本地区所有行使公权力的公职人员依法实施监察,实现对所有公职人员全覆盖、无例外。从试点地区监察权的运行看,监察委员会内部实行执纪监督和执纪审查部门分设,建立起执纪监督、执纪审查、案件审理相互协调、相互制约的工作机制。监察决定与监察执行适度分离,明确监察委员会在查办职务犯罪案件中承担的查询、查封、扣押、搜查、勘验检查以及技术调查、限制出境等工作,由公安机关支持配合或具体执行。建立监察委员会与司法机关的协调衔接机制,监察委员会对职务犯罪案件调查终结移送后,由各级检察机关受理分流案件,侦监部门审查决定是否采取强制措施,公诉部门审查起诉和提起公诉。

以加强反腐败国家立法为保障。国家监察体制改革要在全国推开,有赖于在试点工作取得经验的基础上,将行政监察法修改为国家监察法。首先,监察法应突出党对反腐败工作的集中统一领导。其次,监察法应体现中国特色社会主义监察制度创新。包括由各级人大选举产生各级监察委员会,科学定位监察主体的产生、监察范围的覆盖、监察权的职责与边界、监察运行的程序规范等,以适应反腐败斗争的客观规律和现实需要。最后,监察法应坚持信任不能代替监督的法治原则,强化对监察机关监察人员的内外监督。

(作者为中国廉政法制研究会反腐败司法研究中心主任、湘潭大学教授)

《 人民日报 》( 2017年08月16日 07 版)

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