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沙窝窝变成了金饽饽

2017-08-16 08:42:38   中国青年网

“我把一部分闲置沙地转租给企业,有了固定收入,跟着企业在自己的土地上种树、种甘草,又在企业提供的130多平方米的房屋开办了农家乐,在企业发展旅游业的时候,我又投资了沙上越野车队,一年下来能挣个十几万。”他说。

治沙项目让牧民留下来

“过去因为风沙侵袭,根本没有固定居所,风沙一来,就得搬家,重新盖房。因为生存条件恶劣,年轻人都外出打工谋生去了,剩下的大都是老弱病残,多年来的穷苦日子就没有改变过。”当地道图嘎查村68岁退休老支书陈宁布说,企业带来的治沙项目,给过了几十年穷苦日子的人们带来了新的希望,也让越来越多的牧民愿意留在当地务工。

在亿利库布其光伏生态项目,排列整齐的光伏发电板密密麻麻、一望无际,蔚为壮观。

据工作人员介绍,该项目租用的是农民未利用的荒沙地,特点是板上发电,板间种植,板下养殖。即在太阳能光伏发电发热的同时,在设备中间套种甘草、中药材等沙漠经济植物,并养殖绵羊、灰雁等,进行立体化发展;同时,当地贫困户参与种植、养殖和光伏板清洁工作,有了固定增收致富的来源,不用再外出奔波打工。

据了解,这项“种草、养殖、发电、治沙、扶贫”的复合生态太阳能治沙扶贫新模式,创造了1000多个就业机会,直接带动项目周边贫困户817户,增加农牧民收入1900多万元。

陈宁布说,“没想到企业成功在沙漠里种出了树,现在沙漠里绿树成荫,沙窝窝变成了金饽饽,生活又有了新奔头!”

沙漠产业,展现生机

眼下,当地已经探索出以沙柳、甘草等灌木半灌木为主,胡杨、沙地柏等乔木和花棒、杨柴等牧草为辅的立体绿化模式,逐步走出大规模改良沙漠土地的成功路子。

亿利治沙工程师韩美飞介绍说,目前沙漠种植主要采用水气种植、螺旋钻打孔种植、水瓶种植三种方法,树苗存活率分别为90%、65%、85%。

独贵塔拉镇解放村村民张喜旺向记者演示了水气种植的方法:先在沙漠中打井,铺设供水管带,再用1米长的“水锹”在沙地中冲出一个孔洞,迅速在孔洞中插入沙柳枝条,10秒钟左右就可以种植一株。

张喜旺说:“用了新方法种植,省时省力,而且见效快,树苗的存活率高了许多。”

与绿色蔓延相随的是产业链的不断加粗拉长:以甘草为原料的沙漠天然药产业、以刈割沙柳为动力的生物质能源产业、以“绿色”为卖点的沙漠旅游观光产业、以沙粒为主材的新型材料产业迅速崛起,不仅成为当地的大产业,也成为参与治沙企业的支柱业务。

根据鄂尔多斯市林业局提供的数据显示,目前该市5000亩规模以上的造林大户200多户,参与治沙造林的企业20多家,一条庞大的产业链逐步形成。与2004年相比,鄂尔多斯荒漠化土地面积减少580.8万亩,年均减少58万亩;沙化土地总面积减少42.69万亩,流沙面积由1715.96万亩减少到1028.21万亩,减少687.75万亩。其中,毛乌素沙地治理率达到70%,沙漠扩展趋势得到有效控制。

伴随生态环境改善,沙漠产业展现生机。以库布其为例,5820人成为生态建设工人,517户农牧民开始实行标准化养殖和规模化种植,1303户农牧民参与到家庭旅馆、餐饮、民族手工业、沙漠越野等服务业,户均年收入超10万元。

沙漠,正在产业的魔力下“点石成金”。

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