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中国高铁知识产权保护体系亟待建构

2017-08-16 08:36:49   中国青年网

中国高铁经过原始创新、集成创新以及再创新,短时间内完全掌握了高铁技术的九大核心技术,拥有完全的自主知识产权,成为新时代推动国家经济持续发展的大国重器。但在高铁事业快速发展的同时,高铁核心技术的知识产权保护问题随之而来,如果不能有效保护高铁核心技术的知识产权,将直接影响到我国高铁事业的持续发展。

高铁走出去面临的知识产权问题

先发国家的“专利陷阱”。中国高铁技术的飞速发展与低廉的成本以及中国向海外输出质优价廉的高铁技术的策略,触动了一些技术强国企业的商业利益,随之而来的便是对中国高铁技术专利侵权的指责与诉讼。这主要集中在指控中国高铁技术不具有独立自主性,涉嫌侵犯他国企业专利权。2003年以来,我们采用“用市场换技术”的方针,不断引进国外的高铁技术,即引进发达国家已被验证过的机车车辆关键技术,对其进行系统合成与消化吸收。铁道部在2004年至2006年之间总共进行了三次招标,分别引进了法国、日本和德国的相关关键技术。

事实上,我国高铁的土建技术基本上都是根据我国特有地形条件而创造出来的创始创新专利。在外国转让专利方面,外方常常坚持核心技术不转让原则,中方只能依据现有条件,自行摸索与实践,经过原始创新、集成创新和再创新,耗时多年才完全掌握了高铁技术的九大核心技术及大量的配套技术。然而,因为没有做好核心技术的知识产权保护,我国高铁在“走出去”过程中,陷入了先发国家的“专利陷阱”。

后发国家的“山寨优势”。“一带一路”背景下,我国高铁技术输出逐渐成为趋势。一些发展中国家,通过复制中国高铁技术的方式,发展自己的高铁产业,并有可能与中国高铁企业竞争国际市场,以更为廉价的成本推销自己的技术。常用的方式有:技术窥探与盗取。中国高铁的许多核心技术往往在国内申请专利后并未及时在各个主要国家以及潜在市场国申请专利。这便给了一直窥探我国高铁技术的国家以绝佳机会,他们通过公开的专利文书迅速抄袭并在本国内予以复制,然后趁我国高铁企业还未在该国申请专利之机抢先申请,甚至迅速在多个国家抢注,给我国高铁企业造成巨大损失。技术复制,即在中国申请了专利的情况下,获取中国相关技术,稍作改动后便以新技术的身份在本国申请专利并堂而皇之地使用,表面上看两个技术稍有不同,其核心技术为完全复制,并无创新成分,这是非常典型的抄袭行为。

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