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花样就业歧视需法治解药

2017-08-16 07:40:57   中国青年网

说起就业歧视,人们马上会想到最为常见的性别歧视、乙肝歧视、年龄歧视等,但这些都还算“波澜不惊”的,有些招聘单位已经挑剔到要看长相、星座、属相、家乡等,这样的奇葩要求让求职者直呼“很受伤”。(8月15日《北京晚报》)

《劳动法》明确规定,劳动者享有平等就业和选择职业的权利;劳动者就业,不因民族、种族、性别、宗教信仰不同而受歧视;妇女享有与男子平等的就业权利。《就业促进法》还规定,“用人单位招用人员、职业中介机构从事职业中介活动,应当向劳动者提供平等的就业机会和公平的就业条件,不得实施就业歧视。”这意味着任何形式、手段的就业歧视,都违反了法治精神,属于一种违法行为,这一点毋庸置疑。

但是,在现实生活中,长期以来,明目张胆的就业歧视就是花样百出,暗地里的就业歧视手段可谓是更多。种种就业歧视行为,毫无疑问,严重损害了社会的就业公平,侵犯了求职者的合法权益。造成就业歧视花样百出的局面,说到底是法治不给力。

现行的法律法规对就业歧视的定义比较笼统,缺少细化的就业歧视认定标准,这让一些奇葩的就业歧视行为处于一种打擦边球状态,让求职者难以维权,逃避了法律的制裁。另一方面,用人单位就业歧视的违法违规成本太低,法律法规达不到惩戒的作用,形成不了威慑力。即便用人单位实施的就业歧视行为被曝光、揭发,在舆论压力之下,一般也只是道歉和纠正就业歧视了之,并不会遭受其他处罚,反过来纵容和助长了就业歧视之风。

因此,要有效破解花样就业歧视,扭转就业歧视格局,归根结底是要依靠法治。首先,完善法律法规,明确和细化就业歧视的认定标准,将花样就业歧视纳入其中,方便人社部门对就业歧视案件进行定性操作。

其次,在就业歧视案件上,不妨引进举证责任倒置机制,由用人单位提供招聘工作人员过程中不存在就业歧视的证据。当然,保证公平的原则,减轻用人单位的举证成本,保障用人单位的合法权益,认定为不属于就业歧视的案件,举证成本应当由求职者承担。

再者,加大对实施就业歧视行为的用人单位的惩罚力度,提高实施就业歧视的违法违规成本。用人单位就业歧视行为一旦定性,除了要纠正错误之外,还必须向遭受就业歧视的求职者进行经济补偿,同时人社部门要对用人单位给予经济处罚,严重的要直接吊销营业执照。

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