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因地制宜发展特色产业

2017-08-16 07:32:01   中国青年网

“在那遥远的地方,有位好姑娘,人们走过她的帐房,都要回头留恋地张望……”一首《在那遥远的地方》唱响大江南北,歌声里的金银滩草原就坐落在青海省海晏县境内。这片美丽的土地集高原地区、西部地区和贫困地区于一身,贫困程度深、覆盖面广、脱贫难度大。发展扶贫产业,成为海晏打赢脱贫攻坚战的关键。

日前,农业部在青海西宁召开产业扶贫暨农业援青现场观摩会,农业部副部长余欣荣在会上说,相较于其他地区,深度贫困地区农业产业发展水平更为滞后、产业带贫能力更加薄弱,是产业扶贫“短板中的短板、硬仗中的硬仗”。因此,深度贫困地区要因地制宜发展特色产业,提高贫困人口的自我发展能力,保障脱贫效果的可持续性。

海晏县青海湖乡塔列村草场富足,家家户户有牛羊,但村里人祖祖辈辈单打独斗,养殖粗放,难见效益。为此,海晏县在塔列村成立塔列生态畜牧业合作社,创新合作社经营体制机制,动员村民将草场、耕地、牲畜等生产资料入股合作社,整合全村草场2.88万亩、耕地4726亩和牲畜4800头,入股总资产达601.8万元。

“养殖、种植由合作社统一经营,村民变股民,享有保底收益和分红。”合作社理事长李发德说,2016年,合作社收入达297.5万元,入社社员人均收入1.7万元。“经济效益明显提高了,还解放了劳动力,前年村里有贫困户32户71人,现在只有3户9人。今年就可实现整村脱贫喽。”

产业扶贫,关键要带着贫困户干,增强他们的持续增收能力,从“输血”式扶贫转变为“造血”式扶贫。海晏县县长苏东曲说,海晏县创新体制机制,想方设法把贫困户“粘”在扶贫产业链上,提升其脱贫致富的能力。一方面,县政府将产业扶贫资金以股权形式注入企业,每年对贫困户按不低于8%的比例进行分红。另一方面,向全县推广塔列村的模式,引导贫困户将生产要素折价入股新型主体,年底进行分红,实现资源变资产、农民变股民。

对种植、养殖产业基础薄弱的地区和无经营能力的贫困户,海晏县还尝试通过旅游扶贫增加收入。在达玉部落民俗村,蓝天白云,碧草茵茵,达玉民俗馆、达玉民族演艺厅、观景台里游客来来往往,既可观赏藏族民俗文化展示、民族演绎,也能露营、住宿和餐饮。

苏东曲说,民俗村是县政府依托海北达玉部落文体旅游产业发展有限公司发展的旅游扶贫项目,目的是为贫困户提供就近就业机会。公司给有劳动能力的贫困户和贫困家庭大学生在村里提供了餐饮、保洁等70个就业岗位,并定期组织技能培训。同时还免费让40户建档立卡贫困户在旅游景区摆摊位,经营小生意,增加其家庭收入。

45岁的张宋玲是海晏县金滩乡光明村的贫困户,因为丈夫、婆婆重病,家里欠下不少医疗费用。今年6月份,在当地政府的帮助下,张宋玲到民俗村摆起了摊位,卖手工艺品,游客多,生意不错,1个月能收入3000多元。“眼看旅游旺季就要到了,生意只会越来越好,家里收入也会慢慢增多。”张宋玲说。

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