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英国拿出“临时关税同盟”方案

2017-08-16 06:46:58   中国青年网

历经两轮谈判之后,欧盟和英国依然在“脱欧”谈判上坚持己方立场,互打太极,谈判进程并无太多实质性进展。在7月第二轮谈判结束后,曾有欧盟官员说,“脱欧”谈判进展艰难,不是因为英国提出了不可接受的要求,恰恰是因为英国在许多问题上根本没有立场。

8月28日,第三轮谈判将开启。在此之前,作为对上述指责的回应,英国抛出了自己的“皮球”。8月15日,英国政府出台了一份文件,阐明了英国的立场:英国希望在正式“脱欧”后的一段时间内与欧盟保持“临时关税同盟”关系,以此作为英国与欧盟达成长期贸易协定前的过渡。由此,涉及相关业务的企业等机构只需要适应一次政策调整。

对于这一方案,英国广播公司(BBC)政治记者本·怀特(Ben Wright)评论称,英国政府正在“紧张地表明它是有‘脱欧’路线图的”。工党影子内阁退欧事务部长基尔·斯塔默(Keir Starmer)则指责说,英国政府的这项提议是“没有条理且不充分的”,不过是用来遮盖“内阁内部深刻、持续的分歧”。

事实上,为了反击“政府内部存在分裂”的指责,英国政府要员近日也有所表示。坚定支持“脱欧”的贸易大臣利姆·福克斯和被认为“亲欧盟”的财政大臣菲利普·哈蒙德,就英国“脱欧”问题,在8月13日的《每日电讯报》上联合发表了一篇署名文章。文章内容暂且不说,这一举动本身就被解读为对“政府内部在‘脱欧’问题上立场分裂”指责的回应。

值得注意的是,8月15日出台的这份有关“临时关税同盟”的文件,是英国政府承诺于近期公布的一系列政策文件的第一份。据悉,8月16日,英国政府还将公布一份有关处理北爱尔兰和爱尔兰边界问题的方案。

不过,英国已经提出和将要提出的这些方案,都需要与欧盟进行进一步讨论、谈判。现实情况是,欧盟的步调与英国的期待不太一致。

英国希望的是,双方应尽快谈判“离婚后”的关系,尤其希望能够尽快进入“脱欧”后双方贸易安排的谈判。这也反映了英国工商界的呼声,英国工业联合会(CBI) 副会长乔希·哈迪(Josh Hardie)表示:“时钟正在倒计时。现在的重点是要让公司有信心尽快继续他们在英国的投资。”但是,欧盟却坚持要先将“离婚”条件谈妥才行,而这其中涉及的三个问题并不那么容易谈妥——一是,英国要付给欧盟多少“分手费”?二是,拿出什么样的方案妥善处理英国与爱尔兰之间的边界和关税问题?三是,如何明确300多万生活在英国的欧盟成员国公民的权利?

有非正式渠道传出消息称,英国最终可能付给欧盟的“分手费”在300亿至500亿英镑之间。这笔“分手费”的组成,主要包括“经济增长放缓赔偿”“生产率增长放缓赔偿”等内容。但英国“脱欧”事务大臣戴维·戴维斯(David Davis)表示,在欧盟同意与英国达成新的贸易协议前,“分手费”问题将不会提上日程。目前尚不清楚英国是否会在8月28日第三轮谈判启动前出台有关付费给欧盟的财政安排的方案。

离原定英国正式退出欧盟的时间期限已经很近了,已有欧盟方面的谈判代表警告说,如果谈判继续裹足不前,英国2019年3月正式“脱欧”的时间节点将有可能推迟。

本报北京8月15日电

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