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台湾地区汉语音韵学史研究的“母体文化”意识
2017-08-16 05:21:23 中国青年网
【研究心得】
把台湾地区汉语音韵学史作为我国汉语音韵学史的一个重要组成部分来对待,尊重的是中华母体文化在台湾地区传承与发展的基本客观事实。因为,无论从哪个方面来说,台湾地区汉语音韵学史研究与大陆汉语音韵学史研究难以截然分开,是中华母体文化在台湾地区传承与发展的必然结果。
“明(代)郑(成功)”前,台湾地区汉语音韵学与大陆传统经学范畴内“小学”发展关系密切,汉语音韵学依附于经学,而把“通经致用”作为基本目的,以传统韵书文献研究为主。1665年,郑经依陈永华之议,建圣庙,设学校,传统小学教学与研究得以开展。1666年,在今台南建成圣庙,设太学开试,照科考取士。传统韵书有了用武之地。清朝时期,满语是“国语”,但传统汉语小学的研究仍然是“正统”的语言研究行为,因为大清王朝科举制度规定了汉语“小学”在台湾地区汉语教育的主体地位。《戚林八音》《榕城方言古音考》等闽台方言韵书与研究成果传入台湾地区,对台湾地区的语言教育有所影响,台湾府儒学训导刘家谋《观海集》就记录了这方面的一些内容。汉语文言书面语、官话、客方言、闽方言、土著居民语言,交织在一起,台湾地区汉语音韵学面临的研究对象是多元的,当然,理论与方法也不是单一的,这直接促进了台湾地区汉语音韵学研究多元格局的形成。日本侵占台湾后,推行殖民语言政策,对汉语教学和研究带来冲击。但民间汉语音韵学研究6还是以传统小学文献为主,继承已有的汉语音韵学传统。后来,魏建功等制定推行国语计划,倡导大学中文系开设传统小学课程,使汉语音韵学研究回归正常轨道。1949年以后,一批大陆著名汉语音韵学家来到台湾,他们为重建台湾地区汉语音韵学教育制度和研究体系作出了巨大贡献,也培养了一批具有新语言意识的汉语音韵学家,使台湾学者在很多研究领域站在了国际前沿位置,台湾地区汉语音韵学真正进入一个全面发展的历史时期。
尽管台湾地区汉语音韵学发展过程中有过荷兰、日本等殖民文化的短暂浸染,研究成果的“变异性”有所显露,但基本上还是能够保持中国母体文化“基因”本色不变,无论是研究对象、材料、视野,还是研究思路、理论与方法,都是如此。站在东亚视域看台湾地区汉语音韵学史就会发现,台湾地区汉语音韵学史“中国主体意识”愈发浓郁。台湾地区汉语音韵学研究与大陆以及日本、韩国的“辐射”和“互动”效应突出,在汉语音韵学许多学术领域都是站在前列或者发挥“领头羊”作用的。在与欧美汉语音韵学主流学派的许多回合的“争锋”与“回应”中,也往往占据优势地位。可以明显看出,台湾地区汉语音韵学传统研究“范式”在求变;现代国际化观念在强烈反弹;汉语音韵学与其他学科的“越界”整合,衍生出新的汉语音韵学学术领域,比如跨音韵与制度、跨音韵与句法、跨音韵与语音、跨音韵与心理语言、跨音韵与语言习得、跨音韵与方言变异、跨音韵与互联网等。
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