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审美意识离不开家庭教育

2017-08-16 04:16:47   中国青年网

俄罗斯是一个“爱美”并“懂美”的国度,全民的审美素养都比较高。为什么他们的衣着打扮总是十分得体,甚至小孩子也懂得如何穿衣戴帽?为什么他们家里的装饰总是温馨可人,舒适而又漂亮?在俄罗斯,美感教育的果实随处可见。

带着这些疑问,记者近日到俄罗斯最好的大学——莫斯科大学进行了一次聊天式的随机采访。刚从健身房出来、准备返回课堂的列娜是位身材高挑,容貌美丽的姑娘,她告诉记者,俄罗斯人通常对本国文化很有自信,也很有自豪感,毕竟俄罗斯向世界贡献了一大批天才的艺术家和文学巨匠。美育是伴随一生的学业,俄罗斯全社会和政府部门时时刻刻都在用各种方式提醒民众,爱美、懂美是一个公民的基本素质,每个人都需要不断提高自己的审美修养。

正在莫斯科大学主楼外草坪上散步的中国研究生刘同学告诉记者,俄罗斯人对美的强烈追求给他留下了深刻的印象。小刘从事中文家教,因此常到俄罗斯人家里去上中文课。“去俄罗斯人家里,入门第一眼看见的就是走廊里的油画,随后你会发现几乎每一间房间都有一幅画,它们与壁纸和家具配色和谐,十分温馨幽雅,有艺术氛围,更有家的味道。我注意到,几乎每家都会有一个小小的收藏角,那里摆放着主人最喜欢的物品或是父辈留下来的‘传家宝’。每家客厅的展示柜里都会摆放一些艺术类的物件,它们或许并不贵重,但一定十分赏心悦目,与整个房间的感觉很搭配。”

在莫斯科大学从事语言学教学的叶莲娜老师告诉记者,俄罗斯人的美育课是从每个家庭开始的。孩子们的审美意识、观念和能力总体来说是在7岁前形成的,因此,家庭影响十分重要。家庭的美感教育主要靠父母言传身教,他们的言行举止将对孩子产生潜移默化的影响。当然,小学和中学教育同样十分重要,孩子们的审美能力正是在这个时期通过学校教育获得提高的。

19岁的大二学生阿廖娜刚从德国返回莫斯科,她作为交换生在柏林留学一年。她认为,德国女生“并不太会穿衣服”。

阿廖娜也认为,俄罗斯人的审美意识和审美能力主要源于家庭教育。“家是一个人开始懂得什么好看、什么不好看的地方。”记者跟随阿廖娜走进莫斯科大学主楼,再次体验这所全球体量最大的教学楼的优美。每间教室和办公室的窗台上都摆放着盆栽,让人感觉整个屋子都绿意盎然。在学生宿舍区的走廊里,绿植高低错落,与咖啡色的实木墙相得益彰。走廊的尽头是公用休息区,那里摆放着散发着20世纪50年代气息的沙发。此时此刻,你会由衷地感叹生活是多么美好。

(本报驻莫斯科记者 汪嘉波)

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