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文化七日谈 今天阅读孙犁的理由

2017-08-15 09:47:17   中国青年网

今年是作家孙犁逝世15周年,8月11日《光明日报》发表长文《我们为什么对他念念不忘?》。文中说,人们之所以对他和他的作品的怀念与阅读从未停止,是因为他作品中所传递出来的美。两个月前,辽宁省文联举办第9届中青年文艺评论骨干读书班,议题为“文学精读与感受力的培育”。会上,作家于晓威表达了他对孙犁的喜爱,他选择解读的三篇作品之一就是《荷花淀》。这篇入选高中语文课本的作品,充分显示出我们这个民族天然的感受力。

我也是孙犁的永远读者,纸张泛黄的《孙犁精选集》就是手边书。我退休后学写小说,就以《铁木前传》为范本。不久前,我买了11卷本的《孙犁全集》。拿到书后,这本翻翻,那本看看,本本喜欢,只嫌用来读书的时间太少。坦率地讲,在对小说的理解上,孙犁给我的不及塞林格、卡佛,不及契诃夫、奥康纳,但我对他的作品还是爱不释手,这是因为,他表达的唯美,文中的古风、语言的儒雅,无人可比。

单说孙犁的语言。读他的作品,接触、感受的是优美的“雅”语言,而在今天,“雅”语言又多么珍贵。汉语写作的语言已是一个问题,我们母语中那种天然的质感和表现力正在丧失,能写出一些好句子、让读者潸然泪下的作家不多。特别是开放的网络世界,催生大量粗鄙低俗的网络语言,有很多人以使用这些粗鄙词汇为时尚,利用网络使粗鄙词汇广泛传播,并使其合理化。粗鄙语言和粗鄙词汇的产生和传播,根源在于现实生活的个别粗鄙化现象。同样,文学作品缺少好句子,也是因为现实生活缺少唯美、精神性的东西。语言是现实生活的生动注释。寻求“雅”语言,也许正是读孙犁的现实理由。

孙犁作品的古风和儒雅,源自他内在的修养; 他作品中的唯美,源自他的内心操守。他端正无邪,谦冲自牧,道德完善,是一个有坚守的人。而他的坚守又内化于写作中,他体现了中国文人的理想,把修身养性、人格完美与写作为文统一起来。孙犁的为人为文说明,人在作品中,人在语言中。

语言是内心的声音。我希望能像孙犁那样,潜心养性,锤炼语言,用“雅”语言写出优雅的作品,用“明确、朴素、简洁、浮雕、音乐性、和现实有密切联系”的好语言,写故事,写人物,写细节。卡佛在自己写字台边的墙上贴着一张卡片,上面写着庞德的话:陈述的基本准确性是写作的唯一道德。细细品味,庞德说的陈述的准确性,靠的是孙犁说的好语言的使用。

□洪兆惠

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