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黑色煤海造绿洲

2017-08-15 08:01:09   中国青年网

神华准能集团位于内蒙古鄂尔多斯市准格尔旗的复垦区绿化鸟瞰图。 (资料图片)

走进神华准能集团位于内蒙古鄂尔多斯市准格尔旗的黑岱沟露天煤矿西排土场种植基地,长势喜人的庄稼映入眼帘,一望无际的原野披上了绿装,郁郁葱葱。

眼前的这一幕,让人很难想象,这里曾经沟壑纵横,原地表植被覆盖度不足25%,水土流失严重,而且每年为国家的经济建设贡献着几千万吨的煤炭。

露天采煤,对植被和环境的影响是不可避免的。不过,神华准能集团在30多年来的生产建设中,却让这片沟壑纵横的土地变成了万亩绿原,使“绿色矿区”成了神华准能集团的“金字招牌”。这一巨变的背后,究竟发生了什么?

保持住水土最关键

黑岱沟露天煤矿在建设用地边界自然水流出口修建坝体工程,并通过布设拦洪坝、拦渣坝等防止水土流失

神华准能集团拥有年生产能力6900万吨的黑岱沟露天煤矿和哈尔乌素露天煤矿,这也是全国规模最大的两个露天矿井。

结合准格尔地区煤炭赋存条件,神华准能集团设计了连环相扣的生产工艺,形成了从地表黄土、中部岩层、下部煤炭3道工艺接力完成的剥离采掘链条。

露天煤矿开采具有剥离成本低、能耗低、效率高等优点。不过,在开采中需要剥离煤层上覆的岩石及覆盖物,占用土地多,容易导致原生地表地形地貌被破坏,原生土体结构被扰动,生态环境的保护功能大大降低,加剧了生态环境的恶化。

“矿区的生态环境治理,首先必须解决好水土流失问题。”神华准能集团董事长杨汉宏说,公司从建设之初就坚持“生态环境保护与煤田开发并重”的方针,全面落实开发建设与生态保护、水土保持“三同时”原则,为保护矿区生态环境,建设绿色矿区,促进矿区又好又快发展进行了积极探索。

在黑岱沟露天煤矿,神华准能集团党委副书记秦泰介绍,黑岱沟露天煤矿充分应用小流域综合治理的经验,将整个露天矿作为一个整体,在建设用地边界自然水流出口修建坝体工程,使矿区形成一个相对封闭的系统,矿区范围内的水体不会流向外界。

记者了解到,神华准能集团在黑岱沟矿区周边的上游布设了以拦泥蓄水防洪、保障矿区生产建设安全为目的的拦洪坝,下游布设了拦渣拦沙为主要目标的拦渣坝,目的是避免流失水土,淤塞河道。在生产作业现场,则根据采掘、排土的进程,按照排土场的排弃工艺和排弃时序,排土前在排土场底部沟道内逐级修建临时性土坝,有效拦截上游来水对下游排弃物的冲刷,防止排土场在主体构筑过程中的水土流失。

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