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“微光”献给“一切火苗的遐想者”

2017-08-15 06:48:39   中国青年网

在今天这样的时代里,尝试获取对于“文学批评”的共识,恐非易事。不过,既然我们的“微光——青年批评家集丛”以此为名义来召集,势必需要提出若干“嘤鸣求友”般的呼声——

首先,文学批评“能够凭借自身而独立存在”(弗莱:《批评的解剖》),其意义并不寄生于创作,批评与创作并肩而立,共同面对生机勃发的大千世界来发言,“如共同追求一个理想的伴侣”——这个说法来自陈世骧先生对夏济安文学批评特质的理解:“他真是同感的走入作者的境界以内,深爱着作者的主题和用意,如共同追求一个理想的伴侣,为他计划如何是更好的途程,如何更丰足完美的达到目的……他在这里不是在评论某一个人的作品,而是客观论列一般的现象,但是话尽管说的犀利俏皮,却决没有置身事外的风凉意,而处处是在关心的负责。”(陈世骧:《<夏济安选集>序》)

其次,在理性的赏鉴与评断之外,批评本身是一门艺术,拒绝陈词滥调,置身于“陌生”的文学作品中,置身于新鲜的具体事物中。文学批评应该是美的、创造的,目击本源,“语语都在目前”。

第三,诚如韦勒克的分疏:“‘文学理论’是对文学原理、文学范畴、文学标准的研究;而对具体的文学作品的研究,则要么是‘文学批评’(主要是静态的探讨),要么是‘文学史’。”但他尤其强调这三种方法互为结合、彼此支持,无法想象“没有文学理论和文学史又怎能有文学批评”(韦勒克:《文学理论、文学批评和文学史》)。故而,凡在文学理论的阐释、文学史的建构方面有新发见的著述,均在“微光——青年批评家集丛”收录之列。

丛书名中的“微光”二字,取自鲁迅给白莽诗集《孩儿塔》所作的序:“这是东方的微光,是林中的响箭,是冬末的萌芽,是进军的第一步……”借用“微光”大概表示两个意思:微光联系着新生的事物和谦逊的态度,本丛书是一套为青年学者开放的集丛;态度谦逊但也不自视为低,微光是黎明前刺破黑夜的第一束光,作为“微光——青年批评家集丛”策划人的笔者和入选作者以及出版方,也都寄望这套书能给近年来略显沉闷的文学批评与研究界带来一些希望。

此外,“微光”还让我联想起加斯东·巴什拉笔下的“孤独烛火”,联想起巴什拉在《烛之火》中描绘的一幅动人图画:遐想者凝视孤独烛火,这是知与诗、理性与想象的结合。“在所有的形象中,火苗的形象——无论是朴实的还是最细腻的,乖巧的还是狂乱的——载有诗的信息。一切火苗的遐想者都是灵感丰富的诗人。”(《烛之火·前言》)——在这一意义上,“微光”献给“一切火苗的遐想者”。

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