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秋季腹泻接踵而至 家长需小心应对

2017-08-15 04:56:07   中国青年网

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立秋之后,不仅是儿童呼吸道感染发病率上升,最让家长们头疼的小儿腹泻也接踵而至。很多家长都为此头疼不已,那么,小儿秋季腹泻该如何预防和治疗呢?

为此,本报记者采访了太原市妇幼保健院急诊科副主任医师郭燕华,她提醒各位家长,预防小儿腹泻,主要是把好“病从口入”这一关,做好饮食卫生,如果孩子患上秋季腹泻,一定要仔细观察病情,及时送医,切勿乱用药。

A 入秋温差增大极易着凉腹泻

“不知道为什么孩子最近老是拉肚子,我们也没给她吃什么坏东西啊。”近日,省城市民张女士抱着1岁大的孩子刚进太原市妇幼保健院急诊科,就迫不及待地向医生说明了孩子的病情。“开始我也没当回事,给孩子吃了些营养品,又去吃了几片小儿止泻药。但是发现孩子拉肚子还没好,而且还有点发烧的症状,我觉得情况不大对,赶紧把孩子送来医院看看。”经诊断,徐女士的孩子患的是秋冬季节常见的小儿腹泻。

入秋以来,天气逐渐转凉,让人们感觉到早晚的凉意。而随着气温的降低,温差的增大,一种秋季小儿常见病开始出现。本报记者从省城多家医院了解到,患有秋季腹泻的门诊量开始逐渐增多,特别是婴幼儿群体。“秋冬腹泻通常是由轮状病毒感染引起的,两岁以下婴幼儿是最主要的易感人群。”郭燕华介绍,“每年的9月份到次年的1月份,是秋季腹泻的流行季节。现在刚入秋,患秋季腹泻的宝宝不多,但也有一些散发病例。”

B 预防秋季腹泻要防止“病从口入”

据郭燕华介绍,秋季腹泻病患儿初期多表现为发烧、咳嗽、流鼻涕等类似感冒症状,一两天后转为腹泻,且大便次数较多,有时一天高达10余次。“像轮状病毒引起的腹泻潜伏期是1天至3天,起病时非常急,会出现发烧、上呼吸道感染的症状,这会让很多家长误以为是感冒,之后紧接着就会出现腹泻,大便呈稀水样,而且大便没有腥臭味,肚子也很少疼。”郭燕华说,轮状病毒性肠胃炎初期,孩子进食液体比较困难,往往是喝10毫升水,呕吐出20毫升,这时,家长应该尽可能保持孩子处于安静状态,尽可能减少呕吐次数。“秋季腹泻完全可以预防,家长们应当多了解此方面的知识,不要盲目主观判断,帮孩子把好‘病从口入’关。”郭燕华说,家长要引导宝宝养成饭前便后洗手的好习惯,不喝生水,不乱吃不洁净、不新鲜的食物,对宝宝的饮食用具,如奶瓶、汤勺等,在每次用前和用完后都应该用开水洗烫,最好每天煮沸消毒一次,宝宝的玩具也应该经常消毒,加强宝宝的身体锻炼,增强抵抗力。最关键的是让宝宝远离有急性腹泻的患者。

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