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美国芝加哥大学图书馆阅览室 俞可 供图
葡萄牙科英布拉大学主楼 俞可 供图
英国牛津大学莫顿学院食堂 俞可 供图
美国耶鲁大学图书馆古典文献手迹珍藏馆俞可 供图
爱尔兰都柏林大学三一学院图书馆 俞可 供图
暑期,很多中国学生选择游学海外,徜徉于海外名校间,在为将来留学做准备和规划的同时,感受西方高等教育殿堂之美。近日,一部名为《世界最美大学》的画册以多种文字版本同时发行,该画册精选了全球23所大学。为此,本版组织暑期特稿,探究西方大学之美,以飨读者。
一个时代有一个时代的建筑形态,古希腊的神庙,古罗马的公共浴场,中世纪的大教堂……现今时代的建筑形态,非大学莫属。这是建筑史学家约瑟夫·里克沃特的观点。近日,国外一部名为《世界最美大学》的画册以多种文字版本同时发行,深深触及大众对大学的审美情愫。该画册精选全球23所大学,从欧罗巴的博洛尼亚大学、巴黎大学、牛津大学,直至新大陆的耶鲁大学、麦吉尔大学、普林斯顿大学。建筑,因美而成为文化遗产。大学这份人类文化遗产却不可被剥离得仅剩建筑。于中国学生而言,游学或留学海外,与其为最美大学百里挑一,不如探寻大学何美之有。
因史而美
现存西方世界最古老的大学,意大利博洛尼亚大学当之无愧。该校校徽书有拉丁文“大学之母”,且至少在西方高等教育王国,博洛尼亚大学可母仪天下。既然身为大学之母,便以孕育学科为己任,譬如医学。博洛尼亚大学拥有世界上第一间解剖教室。当时,人体解剖被视作忤逆之举,解剖课便转战地下。那是一间下沉式的圆形阶梯教室,犹如古罗马剧场,讲台就是解剖台。冲破中世纪的黑暗,人的发现,由此开启。
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