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从难招满到获追捧 由天文专业转暖看“长线学科”走红

2017-08-14 09:59:21   央广网

北京大学宣传片《星空日记》中,高考成绩优秀的男主角出于现实压力放弃了天文学这一“冷门”爱好,转而选择社会公认的“热门专业”——经济学,从而陷入理想与现实的纠结。与之相比,今年高考的小葛却没有那么多顾虑,热衷天文的他直奔北大物理学院天文系。据各大高校录取情况显示,像小葛这样选择“冷门专业”的“热情考生”不胜枚举。北京师范大学天文系教师高爽介绍:“2012年以前,由于很难招满学生,天文一直是北师大分数线最低的专业,半数生源是被调剂来的。而近几年,情况发生了变化。天文专业不仅有所扩招,而且录取的学生几乎都是真正的天文爱好者。”天文学这一以往被视为“冷门”的专业正在升温。

“冷门专业”的学生不一定难就业

高爽介绍,天文学是自然科学的基础学科之一,作为一门纯粹科学,其目的是探究问题本身,而非创造现实利益,也很难衍生出具有经济效益的扩展服务。加之学术门槛较高、需要长时间系统学习,故而天文学自古希腊时期起就一直是小众学科,如今更是“长线学科”的典型代表。有人称天文学等基础学科“无用”,这是不客观的。基础学科是新知识的源泉与先导,是所有应用学科与交叉学科的理论基础,承担着支撑国家长期战略发展、引领人类文明进步的重要使命。

云南大学高等教育研究院教授罗志敏认为,高招专业“冷热之分”始于20世纪80年代末,与我国实施“供需见面、双向选择、自主择业”的大中专毕业生就业政策有关。30多年来,“冷门专业”和“热门专业”名单虽几经切换,但民众衡量的标准却几乎不变。与社会发展联系紧密且社会用工需求量大的专业、与新兴产业相匹配的专业,最容易成为人们心目中的“热门专业”。一般来讲,“冷门专业”往往意味着“就业困难”。

从总体来看,如今来自“数理化”等被一些社会公众认为是“冷门专业”的学生也不一定遭遇就业难题。北京大学学生就业指导服务中心主任张莉鑫介绍:“‘数理化’等基础学科历届学生在深造、就业等方面的表现都非常出色,丝毫不逊于应用学科。事实上,受益于基础学科培养的思维方式与宽厚的理论基础,他们在进入职场后往往能表现出特殊优势和更大潜力。因此,一些高水平用人单位特别欢迎来自这些学科的毕业生。”这在一定程度上增强了考生的信心,促进“冷门专业”的魅力进一步提升。

“冷门专业”转暖折射报考功利性弱化

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