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草原深处,为昭君谱一首思乡曲

2017-08-14 08:22:59   中国青年网

“一生所系汉家事,六十余载边关宁。青冢长留在北国,秭归万世泪沾巾。”在后人的诗赞中,我们依稀能够遥想到这样的场景:公元前33年,汉宫女昭君在边关冷月的黄昏里,即将北出汉界边关,诀别亲人,回望家乡,不禁泪如雨下。然而,昭君出塞结束了汉匈之间一百多年的敌对与战争,播撒了中国历史上民族团结、共同进步的种子。

历经2000多年风雨,如今坐落于呼和浩特市南郊九公里大黑河南岸的昭君墓对面,一座现代科技与复古造型的博物馆拨地而起。恰逢内蒙古自治区成立70周年,这座博物馆是内蒙古自治区向世界呈现的一张历史文化名片,也是建筑人用技术与汗水谱写的一段动人旋律。

8月5日,在博物馆竣工当天,昭君文化旅游区指挥部项目组负责人尚军对记者说:“千百年来,昭君精神不断生根发芽,一直被历代人民群众传唱和赞美,逐渐形成了独具特色的‘昭君文化’。 昭君墓又称‘青冢’,始建于西汉。2007年,改名为昭君博物院。为进一步弘扬昭君文化,呼和浩特近年来在原有基础上建设博物馆、陵寝、游园三大区域,占地面积由原来的195亩扩建到683.5亩。”

记者从园区高处眺望,博物馆主体为两个四方棱体,远远望去仿佛两只对望欲飞的“大雁”,与青冢遥相呼应。整体建筑分为地上两层、地下一层,二层位置通过连桥走廊连接,既突出昭君和亲的“和”文化,又让人们在中轴线上眺望昭君墓,产生历史与现实的互动感。

由于这是一座纪念主题的博物馆,整个建筑以“土木为源,以今应古”为思想,采用合成竹纤维和夯土材质堆建,以此来转译古老的传统建构方式,表达对古人智慧的尊重。

随着该建筑的承建方、中建一局华北公司昭君博物馆项目经理褚崇英的脚步,记者走进了仍在紧张布展中的博物馆。“为了使室内外建筑风格统一、协调,我们在室内装饰材料的使用上选择硅藻泥墙面、木质扶手、仿木纹吊顶,意在将室外建筑‘土木’结合的建筑风格延续进室内。”褚崇英说。

博物馆的东西两馆内分别陈列昭君出塞历史和匈奴历史。西侧主要陈列的是匈奴历史,建筑空间内以方形为主要元素,突出草原民族硬朗、雄浑的气质。屋顶天窗由方形演变为多个三角形天窗,大厅内天光呈现出犀利、明朗的氛围,渲染出匈奴民族的特点。据介绍,这也是世界上首座匈奴主题的博物馆。

沿着室内蜿蜒迂回的坡道一路走去,在行进间步移景异,仿佛骑马驰骋在草原之上。走到了东侧展厅,就可以了解到有关昭君出塞的历史。“这部分展厅的建筑空间以圆形为主,为的是展现昭君的柔美气质。你看,头顶上方的圆形屋顶天窗光线柔和,配合着昭君陈列,更能烘托出昭君怀柔优雅的个人魅力。”褚崇英指向头顶的天窗向记者介绍道。

走在崭新的展厅内,古朴而简约的建筑造型深深吸引着走进它的观众。然而,如何用建筑技术实现这样一座博物馆却是鲜为人所知的,特别是一些十分棘手的技术难关。

为了达到艺术效果和有限的工期,褚崇英作为一位女性建筑师竟用了“拼了”二字。“项目运用了2762块仿夯土混凝土艺术挂板构成昭君博物馆整个外立面,单个挂板重量达2吨,且外立面为倾斜面、折面造型,安装测量定位难度极大,在安装时工人只能采用攀岩及双膝跪地的方式,正常工期200天,项目团队仅用不到100天时间全部完工,创造了国内混凝土挂板幕墙安装最快速度。”

很多哲人都推崇这样一句话:“音乐是流动的建筑,建筑是凝固的音乐”。任何建筑,不管设计者或建筑者是否自愿,其实都在表达一种思想。在这座新建的昭君博物馆内,建筑传达的或许是对一段历史的缅怀,一位可敬之人的追思,抑或是古人对今日的遥望。

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