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网络综艺别走偏了
2017-08-14 05:13:21 中国青年网
【网络文艺·观察】
网络综艺主要指那些由互联网公司自行开发制作、专门供互联网平台播出的节目。网络综艺发展至今,和电视台播出的传统综艺节目已没有严格区别,且在很大程度上反过来影响电视综艺节目。网络综艺的话语形态可能在某种程度上已成为主流综艺的话语样貌。
总的来说,网络综艺在审美文化趋向上有着“情境化”的结构策略。现在的年轻观众更喜欢看的不是“故事”,而是“情境”。“故事”需要一个完整的因果关系和一个比较坚实的价值观,而“情境”并非如此。“情境”所追求的,用一个流行词来说是“小确幸”:在几分钟的时间内,通过空间性而非时间性的展示,带来一种情绪上的变换,如浪漫、唯美、精致、时尚、诙谐、有趣等;致力于平行的细节展演,而没有故事的纵深,也不创造紧密的因果联系。同时注重“微时代”的修辞策略,或者说是“网感”。网络综艺在修辞层面体现出鲜明的移动互联网时代的文化特征。节目中穿插的微博微信流行语、时尚典故、表情包等,正是为迎合年轻受众审美趣味所作出的选择。
由此出发,当前网络综艺在价值取向上有三个亟待解决的问题:一是对身体影像的异化传播。对于身体的过分渲染和表达,已陷入一种严重缺乏节制的状态,且越来越缺乏起码的敬畏和尊重。这体现在对身体外形和行为的过度奇观化展示、各种“软色情”元素的日渐泛滥等,尤其在网络直播综艺兴起后,如打着“美少女竞技”“美少女组合养成”等旗号的“软色情”节目层出不穷。二是对言说内涵的高度抽空。网络综艺节目是从“言说”起步的,最早大多是脱口秀,在一定程度上,为社会提供了难得的富有开拓意义的“公共空间”与“情感社群”,满足了年轻受众对公开、理性地进行观点交锋的渴望。但随着节目数量的“井喷式”增长,竞争日趋激烈,许多节目逐渐放弃话题的语境意识、言语的问题意识以及言说者的责任意识,开始把注意力大幅度转向“言说”行为本身的娱乐性乃至狂欢性,很大程度上抽空了“言说”的内涵——或对90后、00后的移动互联网语态进行刻意迎合,或对各种无厘头的碎片话题进行盲目堆砌。节目讨论的往往是肤浅问题,选取的话题越来越口水化,而缺乏对当前社会“真问题”的关注。三是对日常情境的虚浮展演。对日常情境中的任何细节都可进行展示化和表演化,而一切不能满足展示和表演需求的,都成为不可见的。以至于在明星的颜值和演技下,社会关系中本来应该具有的矛盾、强度和深度都被规避,转变为充满“小确幸”和小感动的、浪漫唯美的、诙谐有趣的细节展演。这其实也是近年来综艺崛起的一个深层原因,即故事的式微和情境的崛起。人们越来越关注展演本身,而非其中的深层逻辑和价值观。换句话说,我们面对的更多的是一种伪故事。现在越来越多的网络综艺,可能都沦为了伪故事的生产者。
(作者:盖琪,系首都师范大学文化研究院副研究员)
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