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加大对业务员非法吸收公众存款行为的处罚力度

2017-08-13 08:21:57   中国青年网

公司实施的非法吸收公众存款犯罪是实践中常见多发的犯罪,是各地重点打击的经济犯罪之一。但是从客观效果来看,该类犯罪行为并没有大幅下降。一个重要原因是,按照刑法规定参与非法吸收公众存款行为的业务员属于共犯,但实践中基于宽严相济刑事政策的考量,只将涉案公司的组织领导者、高管等列为犯罪嫌疑人,除涉案金额巨大的业务员外,普通业务员一般不作为犯罪嫌疑人处理。总体来看,这种司法实践至少会产生以下不利影响:

一是使得一些业务员肆无忌惮地多次参与非法吸收公众存款行为。实践中,一些业务员认为,只要涉案金额不是太大,作为业务员就不会受到法律制裁。因此,他们会屡屡加入到不同的涉嫌非法吸收公众存款的公司中,为其公开宣传、招揽客户,以获取高额“返点”回报。二是为公司短时间内吸收大量资金提供便利。实践中,部分业务员通过在不同公司多次参与非法吸收公众存款活动,掌握了大量投资人的信息并由此建立了一定的信任关系,其利用这些信息和关系可以使公司在较短时间内吸收到大量资金。三是降低了公司实施非法吸收公众存款犯罪的成本。从事非法吸收公众存款的公司成立后,通常需要在人员培训、项目包装、客户维护等方面进行大量前期投入,但经验丰富并掌握大量客户资源的业务员加入会降低这类公司的犯罪成本,很容易诱使非法吸收公众存款犯罪死灰复燃。

对此,笔者认为,在坚持宽严相济刑事政策的同时,可以从以下方面加大对业务员的处罚力度,完善对非法吸收公众存款犯罪的规制:

加大对业务员获取的“返点”利益追缴。即使对不予追究刑事责任的业务员,仍应将其参与非法吸收公众存款活动所获取的利益予以追缴。这既可以在最大程度上挽回被害人的损失,也可通过追缴的方式彻底打消这类业务员继续参与非法吸收公众存款活动的念头。

加大对大数据等新技术的运用,实现对非法吸收公众存款犯罪的立体打击。应当积极运用大数据等新技术,就同类案件进行纵横多视角对比分析,查找参与多起非法吸收公众存款犯罪案件的业务员及其介绍的投资人等,勾勒出其实施非法吸收公众存款行为的整体面貌,并就其法益侵害性和人身危险性进行综合性评估,以确保宽严相济刑事政策真正落到实处。

增加规定对业务员予以立案查处的情形。通过立法或者司法解释的方式,规定业务员多次参与非法吸收公众存款活动,或者因参与实施非法吸收公众存款行为受过行政处罚后,又再次参与实施非法吸收公众存款行为的,应当作为非法吸收公众存款犯罪的犯罪嫌疑人予以立案查处,以此加大对其处罚力度。

(作者单位:重庆市渝中区人民检察院)

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