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重建“森林之王”的家园

2017-08-13 04:16:55   中国青年网

经过多年的生态环境保护,长白山林区的野生动物数量不断攀升,仅东北兔、雉鸡、松鼠等种群数量就增长了70%以上。正是这些积极的变化才使得东北虎豹回归故里。调查监测显示,目前长白山林区野生东北虎豹正处于高速增长、小区域集聚,急需向内陆扩散的特殊时期。因此,将现有各级各类保护区,由条块分割、分散碎片式保护,向集中统一、连片大区域保护推进,进而设立国家公园,是有效解决野生东北虎豹所面临诸多问题的最佳选择。

为了保护长白山林区的自然生态系统的原真性和完整性,保护以野生东北虎豹为代表的珍稀濒危野生动植物,近年来我国出台了一系列措施。2015年1月,相关部门系统总结了此前11年的调查和监测成果,形成了保护东北虎、东北豹的专题报告;同年5月,国家发改委等13个部委联合出台了《建立国家公园体制试点方案》,将北京、吉林、青海等9省市作为试点省地区;2016年4月,中央财经领导小组办公室在北京组织召开国家虎豹公园启动专题会议,研究推进开展东北虎豹国家公园体制试点工作;2016年12月5日,中央全面深化改革领导小组第三十次会议审议通过了《东北虎豹国家公园体制试点方案》。

东北虎豹国家公园试点区域位于吉林、黑龙江两省交界的长白山区,主要包括吉林省珲春市、汪清县和黑龙江省的宁安市、穆棱市、东宁市部分区域,总面积约1.46万平方公里。其中,吉林省行政区划内的区域主要涵盖延边州的珲春、汪清、天桥岭、大兴沟4个国有林业局,内含珲春东北虎国家级自然保护区、汪清国家级自然保护区、天桥岭东北虎省级自然保护区、珲春松茸省级自然保护区、吉林图们江国家级森林公园、吉林兰家大峡谷国家级森林公园、天桥岭嘎呀河国家级湿地公园和珲春、汪清两个县市林业局,以及汪清上屯湿地省级自然保护区的部分重要生态区域,总面积约为1.04万平方公里。

目前,东北虎豹国家公园试点区域正在积极推进“六大生态工程”,即重点区域环境整治工程、廊道畅通工程、保护区能力提升工程、森林资源生态修复工程、重点区域移民工程以及基础设施改造工程。在重点区域环境整治工程方面,对国家公园规划的重点保护区域内的现有开矿、种地、牧场、参场及林区多种资源开发等人为活动进行综合整治,突出重点、先易后难、分步实施,依据虎豹生存、繁衍、栖息的自然需要,宜停则停、宜退则退、宜迁则迁,全面净化虎豹生存环境。在保护区能力提升工程方面,一是完善保护体系建设,在实现“三级管理体制”的基础上,设立“科技研发中心”“疫情疫病防治中心”“宣传教育中心”“对外交流合作中心”“公安保护指挥中心”等保护体系;二是加大虎豹保护区监测、监控及卫星定位遥感等系统建设,使国家公园的管理达到国际先进水平,并在全球生物多样性保护中体现出重要影响力,提高知名度。

随着东北虎豹国家公园体制试点建设的不断推进,一度濒临灭绝的“森林之王”正在重新回归广阔而美丽的家园,一个崭新的生态文明建设体制也正在古老的中国逐步成为现实。

(本报记者 鲍盛华 本报见习记者 赵洁)

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