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无人超市热捧后要冷思考

2017-08-13 03:11:55   中国青年网

无人超市,是人工智能走入寻常生活的又一创举,但毋庸讳言,任何事物都具有两面性,高科技也是把“双刃剑”。诚如人们所担忧的,人工智能的出现难免给相关行业、职业的劳动者带来“生存危机”

□ 杜均起

不久前,马云无人超市在浙江杭州闪亮登场,东西拿了就走,不用排队结账。一场“消灭收银员、导购员、服务员”的革命,浩浩荡荡开始了。

无人超市,是人工智能步入寻常生活的又一创举。但毋庸讳言,任何事物都具有两面性,高科技也是把“双刃剑”。有人推断,无人超市的出现,将带来一场零售模式的革命。诚如人们所担忧的,人工智能的出现难免给相关行业、职业的劳动者带来“生存危机”。

面对让更多人享受现代生活的鼓呼与无人超市发育尚未成熟的现实,我们该怎么办?笔者认为,对此应持冷静谨慎的态度。

目前的无人超市,或许还只是一个试验场。除了在技术层面有待进一步完善,针对无人超市瞄准的是节省人力、提高购物体验,还应当考虑到我国是一个人口资源大国,一方面每年有六七百万大学生走出校门,就业压力有增无减,另一方面随着城镇化进程的不断推进,数以亿计低端劳动者进城与劳动密集岗位锐减的矛盾日渐突出。另外,有关人工智能的法规建设相对滞后,也不能视而不见。

根据现实情况,发展无人超市,笔者有3点建议:

一是要大力培育高水平人工智能创新人才和应用团队。要下力培养具有发展潜力的人工智能领军人才,加强人工智能基础研究、应用研究、运行维护等方面专业技术人才培养。坚持人工智能研发攻关、产品应用和产业培育“三位一体”推进,让人工智能在满足国家安全等战略需求的同时,更多走入寻常百姓家;社会培训机构应根据城镇化发展进程和创新创业日益活跃的实际,加强对新一代城镇居民信息处理、智能控制、工业机器人等现代科技技能培训,不断提高他们的从业技能。

二是搞好“放管服”,创造良好的营商环境。一方面,具备扩展无人超市业务条件的地区,属地政府应顺势而为,给予政策上的支持,但切不可搞拔苗助长。另一方面,要主动作为,积极引导,先行先试,循秩放开,防止一拥而上,确保其健康发展,发挥对“双创”良好的示范引领作用。

三是加强人工智能法律、法规建设和法律人才培养。人工智能是影响面广的颠覆性技术,对现行法律、社会伦理、个人隐私等都将带来冲击,对政府管理、经济安全和社会稳定将产生深远影响。目前,我国的相关法律法规建设尽管取得了一定成就,但与人工智能的快速发展相比明显滞后,相关法律人才也严重不足。因此,应加快相关法律法规、伦理规范和政策体系建设和相关法律人才培养,努力推动社会进步与和谐稳定。

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