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研究人员宣布:世界首批对器官移植无“毒”活猪诞生

2017-08-12 17:37:36   央广网

央广网北京8月12日消息(记者侯艳 王宗英)据中国之声《新闻晚高峰》报道,对于很多人来说,器官移植已经不是什么新鲜词儿,而且我们也都知道,现在世界各国对于器官移植的需求量很大。据不完全统计,全世界大概有200万人需要器官移植,但是器官捐献的数量远低于需求。所以,科学家们一直在努力研究是否能让其它动物的器官成为替代品。

中国、美国和丹麦研究人员近日宣布,他们培育出世界上首批对器官移植而言无“毒”的活猪,成功解决猪器官用于人体移植最重要的安全性问题,为全世界需要器官移植的上百万病人带来希望。

近日,以美国eGenesis公司为首的研究团队在美国学术期刊《科学》上发表了论文,宣布世界上首批内源性逆转录病毒活性灭活猪生产成功,也就是对器官移植而言无“毒”的猪。该研究成果成功解决了异种器官移植临床化最重要的安全性问题,意味着异种器官移植研究迈出关键性一步。

北京大学器官移植中心主任朱继业解释,之所以用猪的器官来做研究,是因为猪的器官被认为是最有可能移植到人的异体器官。“猪的器官从大小、形态上更接近于人。狒狒或猩猩的更好,但这些繁殖起来比较稀少稀缺,猪更容易繁殖,一直主要研究的是猪。”

但上世纪90年代,研究者发现,猪的器官在人体内会被免疫排斥,而且猪基因组里的内源性逆转录病毒序列对人体也有潜在的健康风险。因此,世界卫生组织明令,在没有找到解决方法之前,停止一切异种器官的临床试验。

eGenesis联合创始人和首席科学执行官杨璐菡表示,“我们的工作从根本上解决了异种器官移植中异种病毒传播的风险问题。”

科研团队用新一代基因技术打靶方法根除了猪细胞里面所有的内源性病毒活性后,通过细胞核移植克隆技术成功获得了第一批37头没有病毒活性的猪。目前,已存活4个月、生长良好的共有15头。杨璐菡说,“没有观测到修改的小猪和正常小猪有生理上的区别。我们将在这批猪种的基础上继续改造基因组以解决免疫排斥问题,争取早日实现异种器官移植临床应用,拯救千千万万等待器官移植的病人。”

朱继业表示,尽管迈出了这一步,但是异种器官移植的发展仍有很长的路要走。“伦理问题、免疫排斥反应解决不了。猪的肝移到人身上来了,得转基因以后才能产生人的蛋白,肝是很复杂的,这些功能怎么能变成人的东西。”

英国肯特大学教授达伦·格里芬评价说,这项工作是异种器官移植朝着成为现实迈出的“重大一步”。但他也提醒说,这方面还有包括伦理问题的许多变数需要解决。

英国剑桥大学的伊恩?麦康奈尔教授评价说,这是“充满希望的第一步”,但异种器官移植的发展仍需拭目以待,因为即便解决了异种病毒传播的问题,还得克服猪器官在人体中的免疫排斥和生理不兼容等重重障碍。

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