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特朗普宣布第一桩“全国紧急事件”:美国闹“嗑药”危机!

2017-08-12 17:22:07   中国青年网

这两天,除了和朝鲜打嘴仗,特朗普还在关注国内的“嗑药”危机。8月10日下午,还在新泽西州度假的美国总统特朗普宣布阿片类药物滥用“是全国性危机”,美国正式将此列入“全国紧急事件”。 “这是一个全国性危机,我们将投入很多时间、力量、金钱,应对阿片类药物危机。”特朗普说。美国全国性的卫生紧急状态极为罕见,一般是针对特定疫情在一定时间内采取的行动。这一导致美国陷入“全国性危机”的阿片类药物到底什么来历,其滥用又会导致什么后果?

8月10日,美国总统特朗普宣布阿片类药物滥用为“全国紧急事件”。图片来自路透社

什么是阿片类药物?

阿片类药物包括芬太尼、哌替啶、美沙酮等,来源于罂粟,作为药物主要用于镇痛。然而,反复使用阿片类药物可引起机体耐受成瘾,类似毒品“上瘾”。因此,在美国很多语境下,“阿片类药物”(opioids)等同于“毒品”(drug)。

英国《经济学家》杂志绘制的美国阿片类药物过量使用致死地图

2013年至2015年,美国人均使用阿片类药物的时间为17.4天,远高于其他发达国家。美国人口占全球5%,消耗的阿片类药物却占全球的80%。最近20年里,美国阿片类止痛药销量翻了两番。

美国疾病控制和预防中心数据显示,美国阿片类药物过量致死人数逐年上升

美国社会出现阿片类药物成瘾、致死,主要同此类药物滥用有关。现实中,这类药物主要来自医生过量开具处方和毒品走私。美国疾病控制和预防中心数据显示,2015年包括处方用药和海洛因在内的阿片类药物致美国3.3万人死亡。根据《纽约时报》综合各州的原始数据估计,2016年美国阿片类药物过量致死人数可能超过5.9万人,超过枪击和交通事故致死人数的总和。据预测,2017年的死亡人数还可能进一步上升。

阿片类药物对经济社会危害有多大?

除了损害个人健康,阿片类药物滥用还造成沉重的经济社会负担。

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