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东大6名学生一发力 电动轮椅能爬楼梯

2017-08-12 06:53:50   中国青年网

“坐在轮椅上,无需任何人帮助,就能在一级级楼梯上轻松自如地爬上爬下……”这不再是被禁锢在轮椅上的残障人士的梦想,而是即将到来的一种现实生活。东北大学2014级、2015级6名学生,一起研发的新一代欠驱动自适应式爬楼梯轮椅,能够帮助轮椅上的残障人士正向自主上下楼梯。8月9日,沈阳晚报、沈报融媒记者采访到东大这支研发团队。

这台爬楼轮椅,从外观上看,比普通轮椅略大一些,两个前轮由3个小轮子构成,身后还有1个支撑架。这个支撑架,如果不爬楼梯是可以折叠收起的。而且,是一台自动轮椅,爬楼梯和正常前行等,都通过操纵杆完成。据了解,市场上投入使用的轮椅,在爬楼梯过程中不能正向上下楼梯,需要倒退上楼,使用起来有诸多不便,有的甚至还需要他人辅助。东北大学机械学院的5名学生和信息学院的1名学生,在一起成立了东大爬楼梯轮椅结构优化设计与平稳下楼梯关键技术研究项目组,从测量各种楼梯的宽度做起,一步一步地开始研发欠驱动自适应式爬楼梯轮椅。

“轮椅爬楼梯过程的稳定性,是坐轮椅残障人士的第一要求,也是项目组成员必须突破的难题。”项目负责人、机械工程专业的黄伟康介绍。项目组在国内外首创了利用后支架结构的变形来使轮椅满足正向上下楼梯的要求,经过反复测试,稳定性非常高。黄伟康介绍,后支架结构的优势就在于它无需任何特殊装置或者操作,就能够自己适应不同的路况和台阶,而且平稳性和安全性都有技术保障。

“传统履带占地面积大,要求的电机大、耗电快;而不合适的行星轮系的轴心距会导致轮椅在上下楼梯时的波动大,平稳性不良。”黄伟康介绍说,“在两年的研究实践中,我们将两者结合起来,达到了一加一大于二的效果。在后支架做了一个履带式的从动结构,减少了动力源,将履带和行星轮系结合到一起,在下楼梯的时候能够起到辅助平衡的作用,还能延长轮椅的寿命,提高载重量。”

从开题到结题,项目组先后开发了四代轮椅。使原有的多姿态智能型自适应式爬楼梯轮椅能够更好地完成下楼梯的动作,而且过程更加稳定,安全性更高。与此同时,轮椅自身的重量降到90公斤,载重量却提高到80公斤,扩大了轮椅的适用人群。“目前,我们这个项目已获得专利,还会对其他项目开启研究。”黄伟康表示。

沈阳晚报、沈报融媒记者 丁宁 实习生 高杉 通讯员 张广宏 东大供图

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