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沈水湾公园来了一批贵客 肤白条顺大长腿 就是等鱼时有点呆 人送外号“缩脖老等”

2017-08-12 06:53:50   中国青年网

鹭类尤其是白鹭,主要生活在黄河以南地区,可近日在沈水湾公园长约1.5公里的水域上,竟分布着200只鹭类,成为浑河一道亮丽的风景线。它们中大部分是小白鹭,还有少量大白鹭、绿鹭,这些“大长腿”经常像木桩一样,呆站在水中一动不动等鱼,老百姓叫它“缩脖老等”、“穷等”。8月10日鸟类专家周海翔告诉记者,这些白鹭的到来与全球气候变暖、幼鸟出巢期、沈水湾公园河段水变浅等综合因素有关。

1.5公里水域就分布着200多只鹭类

近日,经常到沈水湾公园散步的市民发现,最近这里的水特别浅,水里甚至露出了大大小小的滩涂,白鹭也突然暴增。它们体型有大有小,偶尔还有灰绿色的,大都“缩着脖子”,几只成一组地分散在1.5公里长的水域里,有的站在滩涂上休息,有的缩着脖子呆呆地站在水里,遇到鱼时突然发起进攻。它们的位置距离岸边约50米远,人们可以观赏到它们美丽的身躯,却无法靠近。很多市民举起手机拍照,有些市民走下水想近距离拍摄,它们就会躲到更远处。

沈阳理工大学生态研究室主任周海翔教授特地来到沈水湾公园进行勘查,经周海翔清点,仅该公园1.5公里长的水域就有鹭类200只以上,其中绝大多数是白鹭(百姓俗称“小白鹭”),其他的是大白鹭、绿鹭、仓鹭。

原因一 气候变暖,黄河以南鹭类大批北上

白鹭为什么此时在沈水湾公园数量暴增呢?周海翔说首先是因为气候变暖。周海翔告诉记者,鸟类的迁徙是一种非常直接的、为了追寻食物等资源需求的行为。随着地球的气候变化及其导致的资源周期性变化,会带来鸟类的扩散。虽然,鸟类整体的迁徙是从地球北端向南方扩散,但周海翔在辽沈地区近10年的观察中,却看到了相反的现象:由于全球加速变暖现象,导致南方物种向北方逐渐扩散,其中鹭类就是最明显表现。周海翔说,鹭类中的大白鹭和苍鹭在沈阳早就有分布外,其他鹭类大部分在黄河以南地区生活、繁殖,可近10年来,沈阳的牛背鹭、白鹭越来越多,其中白鹭甚至超过了大白鹭的数量。

原因二 时下正赶上鹭类幼鸟出巢期

周海翔分析说,鹭类大量出现的第二个原因是现在正值鹭类出巢期。鹭类喜欢在树林里的高树上筑巢,它们属于晚成鸟,一巢五六只幼鸟,成鸟需要在巢穴里抚养幼鹭一两个月,直到它们会飞才能离巢。因此我们在白鹭繁育期看到的只是单只觅食的成鹭,数量自然不多。等到幼鸟会飞被带出巢的时候,体型几乎和成鸟也差不多了。时下,正是鹭类的幼鸟的离巢期,因此我们会看到的鹭类数量剧增。

原因三 近来河段“水很浅”,它们最喜欢

周海翔说,第三个原因是适合的“浅水位”。据他介绍,鹭类并不会水,它们非常喜欢在浅水里捉鱼吃。今年开始,浑河沈水湾公园河段水位由于正在维修,水位突然降低,因此这里却成为白鹭的乐园。

专家注意到,在靠近公园南岸有一处小岛,上面有很好的树林,如果沈水湾公园仍保持这个水位,明年不再憋坝高蓄水,而且管理好游客,禁止人们下水或上岛钓鱼、捕鱼的话,明年春季会有大批白鹭会回到这处小岛上筑巢,这里会变成一个天然“鸟的天堂”。(图片由周海翔提供)

沈阳晚报、沈报融媒记者 徐微微

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