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送出一江清水(砥砺奋进的五年·绿色发展 绿色生活)

2017-08-12 05:13:03   中国青年网

湘江北去,清流如许。

“‘一江清水送长沙’,湘江湘潭段大部分时间保持在Ⅱ类水标准。”湖南省湘潭市环保局副局长李莉介绍,近几年的湘江湘潭段水质保持得很好,与竹埠港工业园区的治理工作不无关系。过去,这段湘江是彩色的,化工企业排出的污水五颜六色,都说不出是劣几类水了。

把脉污染情况,因地制宜治理

李莉提到的竹埠港工业园区,位于湘潭市岳塘区,沿湘江东岸分布,始建于上世纪60年代初,原有28家化工企业,区域面积约为3平方公里,核心化工区面积约为1.74平方公里。上世纪80年代被确定为优先发展的全国14个精细化工基地之一,2000年被批准为国家新材料成果转化及产业基地示范区。

古人曾赞:“湘江水清无古今”,怎能让湖南的母亲河如此“披红挂彩”呢?2013年,竹埠港工业园区治理项目被列入湖南省“一号重点工程”。2014年9月30日,岳塘区将28家化工企业全部关停。

据统计,这些化工企业全部被关停后,该地区每年减少排放废水约264万吨、二氧化硫约6000吨、工业废渣约3万吨(其中含镉、铬、铅、锰等重金属),保障了当地和湘江中下游地区居民饮用水安全。

污染企业关停后,污染物增量没了,但存量仍在。园区内的土壤、地下水仍残留大量有毒重金属,存在污染风险。但治理这些留存污染物不仅难度大、工作量大,而且成本极高。

首先要算经济账,否则极有可能做成“烂尾工程”。为此,岳塘区政府专门做过调查。例如,某地有家村办化工厂,占地仅100亩,投产没几个月,就因镉污染问题被关停。但要将被污染的土壤完全治理干净,达到耕地标准,需投资上百亿元。“这简直就是一个无底洞!竹埠港化工园区的治理,绝对不能走这种不计成本的‘死路’。”湘潭发展投资有限公司副总经理彭巍威说。

“采用风险管控的办法,分片、分级处理,能有效管控治理成本。”李莉表示,先把脉、后治理,把污染物分布情况调查清楚,绘制出污染地图,因地制宜来处置:污染过于严重的地方,将重金属固定后,可以种上草木等,不允许再去搞开发;对于污染较轻的地方,可以用较小的成本来治理,然后开发成商业用地;对于有可能污染地下水的地方,可以铺上防渗漏的底垫等。

作为湘江流域8个重点治污点之一,岳塘区遇到了不少难题。此前,治理区仍有受污染的地下水持续流入湘江,处理难度也很大。经过实地勘查,施工方终于找到园区所有地下水的汇聚处,并建起一座污水处理厂来集中处理。曾有一家中标企业,因多种原因,承建的污水处理厂处理水质不达标。对此,岳塘区没有任何犹豫,果断更换企业,要求新企业用新技术进行处理,直到达标排放才罢休。“治污不能讲情面,来不得半点妥协。”一位施工负责人表示。

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