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海仲委2015新规则开启海事仲裁事业新未来

2017-08-11 15:26:43   中国青年网

□初北平

历时4年,经过广泛征求各方意见,《中国海事仲裁委员会仲裁规则(2015版)》(下简称“2015新规则”)于今年11月4日经中国国际贸易促进委员会批准,将于2015年1月1日实施。在此之前,中国海事仲裁委员会(下简称“海仲委”)一直采用2004年实施的《中国海事仲裁委员会仲裁规则》。这部即将实施的2015新规则,不但是经验累积的硕果,也是我国仲裁研究发展的新成果,彰显着新时代的标记和特色。

体例更清晰化形式更国际化

2015新规则在体例上更为清晰,不但结合多年的仲裁实践对条文进行修订,使其内容上更具条理性和逻辑性,而且对每一条文标注小标题,极大便利了当事人查阅和理解相关条文。此种体例安排沿袭了国际知名仲裁规则所普遍采用的做法。同时,2015新规则不但在此次一并推出英文版本,而且在印刷制作时也将采用中英文对照的装订方式,方便了国外当事人和代理人查阅研读仲裁规则。

接轨国际仲裁贴近世界潮流

2015新规则不但力求从体例上与国际接轨,而且更着眼于在实质内容上贴近国际仲裁实践与习惯。2015新规则不但在组织和管理上使海仲委更为国际化、专业化,如设立了仲裁院专门对案件进行管理,增加了仲裁费的计费方式,更在仲裁程序制度设计上大量借鉴了国际仲裁的通行做法,包括明确仲裁协议的书面形式要求、调整有关仲裁程序开始的规定、明确区分仲裁地和开庭地点、协调仲裁委员会与仲裁庭对管辖权的审理职权划分、完善送达方式等内容、扩大当事人对仲裁审理方式的选择权和仲裁庭适用程序的决定权,而且还首次在仲裁规则中明确了当事人有权自行聘用专业记录人员和紧急仲裁员制度。这些内容是海仲委成立50多年来从事国内外仲裁的经验累积,也是海仲委与国际仲裁机构长期交流合作的心得收获,体现了我国海事仲裁逐步走向国际化的趋势,也将促进我国国际仲裁在世界范围内的接受度,提高我国仲裁从业人员的专业化水平。

强化意思自治加强双方自主

2015新规则进一步强化了当事人在仲裁中的意思自治。仲裁的基础即是当事人的自由意志。尊重当事人的意思自治并赋予当事人在仲裁程序中的充分自主权,不但是仲裁程序正义的保证,也是最大限度维护当事人权益的条件。2015新规则新增加和修订了大量内容以强化当事人在仲裁中的自主权,包括扩大仲裁案件的受理范围、赋予当事人在仲裁员名册之外指定仲裁员的权利、接受当事人选择多样化的仲裁审理程序、允许当事人约定仲裁员费用按小时计费收取、允许当事人自由约定仲裁地和开庭地、允许当事人聘用专业庭审速录人员等。这些扩大当事人在仲裁中意思自治的修改,不但有利于当事人接受海仲委仲裁,也体现了海仲委日益重视当事人权利的观念转变。

体现世界趋势追踪发展前沿

作为一部新修订的仲裁规则,海仲委2015新规则不但与国际仲裁潮流接轨,更体现了当今国际仲裁领域的最新发展。2015新规则在修订过程中结合多方意见,在规则中增加了追加当事人、合并审理、合并开庭等规定,这些制度体现了目前第三人仲裁、合并仲裁等仲裁实践的新发展,也是国际仲裁研究领域的热门议题。

海仲委2015新规则沉淀于多年的理论研究和实践经验基础之上,融合了我国传统的仲裁制度和国际仲裁习惯,是一部面向海事仲裁未来的新规则。随着新规则的实施,海仲委将以更为国际化的形象为国内外当事人提供更为高效、经济的争议解决服务,选择海仲委的当事人也将体会到更为专业化的国际争端解决服务方案。

(作者系大连海事大学法学院院长、海仲委仲裁员)

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