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精雕细刻的“木”

2017-08-11 11:27:37   中国青年网

古朴雅致的根艺灯具。

工艺精湛的木艺作品。

本报记者 郑千山

具有丰富自然资源和民族文化资源的云南三迤大地,以“金、木、土、石、布”为代表的民族民间工艺品遍地开花,形成了独特的文化景观。其中,“木” 指的是剑川木雕、红木木艺、根艺、竹编、藤编、草编等木竹藤草工艺品。

云南木雕历史源远流长,最有代表性的大理剑川木雕始于公元10世纪南诏国、大理国时期,白族先民们吸收了汉族和其他民族的文化和生产技术后,逐步形成了独特而精湛的木雕技艺,经典作品不断涌现。剑川木工艺人遐迩闻名,擅长雕刻各种人物、动物、花草、山水以及龙凤呈祥、吉祥如意等图案。过去的木雕主要用于各类建筑物和门窗、屋檐、家具等装饰,以浮雕为多,现已逐渐发展为艺术价值很高的木雕工艺品。如近几年颇受瞩目的根雕艺术作品,已行销海内外,特别是南亚、东南亚国家和地区,受到普遍称赞。

1996年,剑川县被文化部命名为“中国木雕艺术之乡”,2011年,剑川木雕被列入国家级非物质文化遗产保护名录。近年来,剑川县将传统的木器木雕民族工艺列为支柱产业加以重点培植,实施创优名牌战略,把传承上千年的传统小手工业打造成为大产业。截至目前,全县木器木雕产业从业人员达1.2万余人,有个体经营户1500多家、专业生产厂家15家,木雕产业实现产值2亿多元。其中,继承家族传统的木工艺人段国梁荣获“中国工艺美术大师”称号,其子段四兴今年6月获得云南青年创业省长奖提名奖。他们所创办的剑川兴艺木雕文化发展有限公司,经过20多年艰苦创业,去年实现产值2278.5万元,利税90多万元,企业总资产达3497万元。公司有高级工艺美术师3人、工艺美术师8人、技师6人、初级工艺美术师39人,20多户农户为公司长期合作的专业木雕生产加工户,现已形成“公司+基地+农户”的生产格局,解决了200余人的就业。

在木雕制作历史悠久、匠人辈出的剑川狮河村,依托木雕民间工艺资源优势,剑川木雕艺术小镇项目建设现已全面启动。据介绍,该项目力争今年完成投资4亿元以上,3年后建成投入运营,届时将成为展示大理白族文化和剑川木雕文化的新名片。

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