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汪黎特:全形拓绝技尽展手工之美

2017-08-11 10:43:47   中国青年网

杨彭年制紫砂竹笋水注及全形拓。(受访者供图)

8月9日下午,成都金沙遗址博物馆附近某小区,汪黎特正为即将举行的书画名家吴湖帆的纪念活动做准备。除了新书签售、主题讲座,他还将为“吴湖帆文献展”带去一件特殊展品:紫砂壶“梅花小鸟”全形拓。

全形拓技艺兴起于清朝嘉庆、道光年间,是一种以墨拓技法完成,运用透视原理和墨色浓淡变化,将青铜器等器物原貌转移到平面拓纸上的特殊技艺。从2013年至今,来自内江的汪黎特已制作百余件全形拓作品。□本报记者 余如波

每件作品至少有3张废纸

“梅花小鸟”由著名紫砂壶艺人顾景舟制作,吴湖帆为壶身题写文字并亲自使用。而在汪黎特制作的全形拓上,吴湖帆的题字、壶身的梅花小鸟图以及壶盖、壶底四部分拓印在同一画面上,充满十足的立体感。

完成一件全形拓并非易事,汪黎特介绍,光是拓印吴湖帆题字部分,前后就花了17天。“拿到器物首先得用手摸,表面的凹凸肉眼有时看不出来。确定拓印的角度之后,我们会对器物拍照并制作详细的操作图。”

全形拓需要在平面上呈现器物的立体感,因而其难度主要在于以尽可能精确的透视关系,比较全面地反映器物之“形”。在正式进行拓印之前,“3张废纸”往往是免不了的代价。“一张纸用来拓印器物的不同部分,将拓纸拼贴起来,另外两张分别确定器物文字、图案如何变化以及墨色深浅,这都是为了准确反映肉眼可见的透视关系。”

汪黎特说,全形拓作品其实是“集体智慧”的结晶。“拓印一件作品,至少需要两人配合。”拓印过程中,由于墨色的反光效果,上墨的人往往不清楚拓印效果,这就需要旁人仔细观察并控制用墨量。同时,他们还得根据事先制作的操作图不断移动纸张,以制造全形拓的透视效果。“拓印‘梅花小鸟’单面,就移动了15次。”

为保证美观,全形拓用墨必须浮于纸张表面,因而装裱过程中时常会“花”。“如果算上装裱环节,以及前期与器物所有者确定拓印效果,摄影师拍摄照片,一件全形拓的参与者其实更多。”汪黎特说。

师法前人积累制作经验

汪黎特原本以篆刻闻名艺坛,制作印谱磨练了他的拓印技术,因而在2013年,汪黎特开始尝试制作全形拓作品。

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