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三十岁的四六级考试遭遇“中年危机”?

2017-08-11 09:55:30   中国青年网

今年,全国大学英语四六级考试走到了它诞生的第30个年头。最近,全国学术英语教学研究会会长蔡基刚发表文章称:“大学英语四六级考试已成为大学生不断‘刷分’的游戏和主管部门弃之可惜的‘鸡肋’,亟须进行改革。”

不容否认的是,大学英语四六级考试体现了社会和高校对大学英语课程的重视,对于推动中国英语教学和提高大学生英语水平,起到了积极作用。但是它给我国外语教学带来的弊端也日益显现。

尽管国务院学位委员会和教育部并未制定学士学位授予与英语四级考试挂钩的办法,但是不少高校“不过级不给毕业证”的做法让其在学生心目中的地位仍然难以撼动,再怵头也得硬着头皮备考。然而,近年来四六级考试的社会重要性不可避免地降低,不少用人单位认为,四六级考试并不能完全检测出学生真正的英语水平,一些大型的民企和外企在员工招聘中已经不认大学英语四六级考试证书。

“含着金汤匙”诞生的四六级考试一度被认为是权威英语测试,如今为何屡遭质疑?人们不由得想问:走过30年的四六级考试是否提前遭遇了“中年危机”,未来的路通向何方?

为了扭转应试倾向,重视考试的评价功能,引导大学英语教育重视学生的实际应用能力,四六级考试改革一直在路上。1999年,四六级增加口语考试,2006年听力所占比例提高到35%,2013年取消完形填空、新增短句翻译,2016年又针对听力部分取消短对话和短文听写,改成短篇新闻和英语讲座等。然而,其从教学考试向社会化水平考试转型的尝试,并没有平息非议。

据悉,我国正探索一种既能评估教学效果,又兼具社会认可度的新测评体系,国务院颁布的《关于深化考试招生制度改革的实施意见》中,明确提出要加强“外语能力测评体系建设”。教育部定下目标:到2020年,基本建成标准统一、功能多元的现代化外语测评体系,同时推动考试内容和形式的改革,这里或将包括对大学英语四六级考试的改革。也有学者呼吁,四六级考试需要向学术性(如托福)和职场性(如托业)的社会化考试方向进行转型,为培养具有专业领域内国际交流能力的人才服务。

当前,在国家实施“双一流”建设和“一带一路”建设的背景下,我国的高等教育亟须提升国际性,大学英语考试改革箭在弦上。不管具体方法如何,四六级考试必须与时俱进,惟其如此,才能焕发新的生机。

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