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李叔同临《天发神谶碑》
2017-08-10 17:22:32 中国青年网
三国 皇象《天发神谶碑》(明拓本)
李叔同临《天发神谶碑》
三国 皇象《天发神谶碑》(明拓本)
李叔同临《天发神谶碑》
文质彬
李叔同在成为弘一法师之前,曾留下十数种涵盖篆隶楷行等多体的临作。虽分属不同书体,却有个共同点:看不到一丝火气,平静安详。出家之后,更加纯粹,达到一种极致。
这其中有《天发神谶碑》临作。《天发神谶碑》间架取篆书体式,尚长形,然迥非上古气象,完全是隶变后的风姿,但又不屑简约之理,起笔方重,转折处则外方内圆,下垂处呈悬针状,全无小篆婉转轻柔之意,在三国时代,洛阳以及陕、豫、鲁、冀、晋是政治文化中心,江南吴国所辖江东六郡属偏远之域。全碑怪诞离奇,足以惊诸凡夫。
在李叔同笔下,保留了起笔方切和收笔尖锐的主要特征,但看不到剑拔弩张之气,而是含蓄内敛。也有人提出批评,甚至据此而认为出家之后的作品也有此类不足,整体上比较单一。其实从一生的时间来看,仍然有细微的调整,只不过幅度比较小,始终波澜不惊,内心处于一种入定的状态。手札则大异。此外,值得一提的是,一些转换期作品,风格存在很大的调整,只惜面世较少,很难看到而已。我曾在上海见过一本册页,较之平常所见,端庄内敛,多了灵动和奔放。因为心若古水,所有的情绪被掩藏起来,偶然显露则如惊鸿一瞥。也许只有真正走进大师的个人内心世界,才能感受领悟。或者说,弘一法师的书法就如同李商隐诗歌,很多用典晦涩,别人看不懂,其实在当初,李商隐的目的就不想让别人懂,只想把自己真实内心袒露出来。换句话来说,就是写给自己看的,并不是为了取悦他人。这样来理解,弘一法师的书风就不奇怪了。浏览书法史中,将个人修养乃至整个人生和书法结合得最好,莫过于八大山人和弘一法师,两人都是僧人,八大愤世嫉俗,不拘陈法,弘一绚烂至极,归于平淡,都是一种极致,不仅“书如其人”,更做到了“书人合一”。
李叔同的不少临作常常自左而右书写。但这件《天发神谶碑》临作较特殊,我反复对照了原作和临作,发现临作中的文字顺序有的是相对应的,有的则前后颠倒,有些风化模糊的字,甚至略去不写。与他个人严谨的习惯似乎有些不符。换一种思路,很可能是“背临”。因为从笔法和字形的精确度来说,不会是初临,也不可能完全脱离原范本。此处所谓的“背临”是有特殊含义的,实际上是一种独特的方法。但凡有经验的书家深知,临摹一种碑帖,如果到了非常熟悉的程度,临摹时范本很可能还会置于眼前,但在实际临写过程中,可能似看非看,偶尔用眼角余光瞄一下,甚至“视而不见”,完全凭借个人的记忆和感觉来完成,从而进入似临非临、似创非创的状态。如果要就具体的技法来评判,属于即将“出帖”阶段,将个人感觉融入范本,出现妙不可言的临摹精品。所谓意临并不是字形完全不似,而是取决于个人的习惯和感觉,似或不似,需要综合衡量。
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