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舆论期望值不同 “第一配偶”也无奈

2017-08-10 17:00:58   中国青年网

法国总统埃马纽埃尔·马克龙想给妻子布丽吉特专设“第一夫人”官方职务,在国内引发轩然大波,迫使爱丽舍宫放弃这一念头。放眼全球,“第一配偶”有的不得不放弃本职工作,有的坚守岗位;有人喜欢高调行事,有人宁愿“隐身”;有人因干政而挨批,有人却因积累政治资本而为人称道。大环境不同,各国舆论界对“第一配偶”的期待也有所不同。如不符合舆论期望值,“第一配偶”极容易成为攻击对象。

有的伴侣领工资

马克龙竞选时承诺给妻子设立“第一夫人”官方职务,让她可以有名有分地支持自己的工作,同时,这个职务不会让公家掏一分钱工资。但马克龙上台后,这一想法遭遇民意阻力,主要原因是虽然马克龙承诺布丽吉特不需要工资,但专门设置“第一夫人”职务,仍需要单独的财政拨款,这同马克龙政府力推的廉政改革言行相悖。有媒体报道,尽管没有成文的法律规定,但法国“第一夫人”可以有自己的办公室、员工和安保人员,相关费用从爱丽舍宫的预算中支付,每年大约45万欧元(约合357万元人民币)。

在有些国家,对于“第一配偶”的权限以及是否该拿“工资”有明文规定。在美国,“第一夫人”地位有保障得多。虽然不领工资,但总统妻子可以在白宫设立办公室,配有办公室主任和新闻秘书。在斯洛文尼亚,总统的伴侣每月得到一笔报酬,相当于总统工资的至多15%。

欧洲多数求低调

在欧洲多国,国家元首和政府首脑的配偶一般行事低调,没有官职,也没有放弃原有的工作。在英国,鉴于王室成员承担了代表国家的主要任务,现任首相特雷莎·梅的丈夫菲利普没有辞去银行家的工作。前首相戴维·卡梅伦的妻子萨曼莎、托尼·布莱尔的妻子切丽均未放弃本职工作。法新社说,比利时首相夏尔·米歇尔的伴侣阿梅莉·德鲍德伦吉安拒绝履行“第一夫人”职务,继续在政府机构任职。

对于“第一配偶”是否认真“履职”,各国舆论反应不一。希腊总理亚历克西斯·齐普拉斯的伴侣派里斯泰拉·皮赞尼亚鲜有陪伴丈夫出席官方活动,希腊舆论并未因此不满;马泰奥·伦齐出任意大利总理期间,其夫人一直在托斯卡纳当老师;西班牙历届首相的夫人只有当她们从政后才会引发媒体关注。

美联社报道,与之不同的是,今年早些时候,特朗普的妻子梅拉尼娅曾因并不急于履行“第一夫人”职责而招致舆论批评。

事业生活易受限

对于有些人而言,当“第一配偶”意味着事业、生活受限。德国总统弗兰克-瓦尔特·施泰因迈尔的妻子埃尔克·比登本德今年3月宣布辞任法官职务,原因是担心“第一夫人”头衔会妨碍司法独立。比登本德辞职一度成为舆论焦点。《南德意志报》为她鸣不平,刊文《给“第一夫人”发工资,否则撤销这一头衔》。

美联社说,现任罗马尼亚“第一夫人”卡门·约翰尼斯曾因时髦着装和奢华度假而受舆论批评。现在,她极少出现在公众视野中,也不再赴海外度假。

有些“第一配偶”将这一头衔加以利用,为自己的仕途铺路。美国前“第一夫人”希拉里·克林顿显然是其丈夫的得力助手。出任“第一夫人”期间,她曾力推医保系统改革,在政界崭露头角。比尔·克林顿结束总统任期后,希拉里投身政坛,曾担任国务卿,两次竞选总统。2007年,克里斯蒂娜·费尔南德斯·德基什内尔当选阿根廷总统,“妻承夫业”,并于2011年赢得连任。 据新华社

特朗普妻子

梅拉尼娅

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