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月球磁场比以前认为的多持续10亿年

2017-08-10 11:39:10   

新华社华盛顿8月9日电(记者林小春)今天的月球没有地球上这样的全球性磁场,但月球过去曾经有过磁场。美国研究人员9日说,月球磁场存在的时间还很长,比以前认为的多持续至少10亿年。

美国麻省理工学院和罗格斯大学等机构研究人员当天在美国《科学进展》杂志上报告说,此前研究显示约42.5亿至35.6亿年前月球曾经有过强度甚至超过今天地球的磁场,但从35.6亿年前开始月球磁场强度开始减弱,到了31.9亿年前已下降至少一个数量级。但人们一直不清楚在这之后,月球磁场是完全消失还是以显著弱化的状态继续存在。

为此,他们分析了“阿波罗”登月任务中宇航员1971年从月球表面带回的一块岩石样本。这块样本表面部分覆盖着熔融玻璃,很可能是在25亿至10亿年前流星撞击月面的过程中形成,其中记录了当时它所接触到的月球磁场强度信号。

研究结果显示,在这块月岩形成时,月球磁场强度相对较弱,只有约5微特斯拉。这是地球当前磁场强度的十分之一,但比行星际空间依然高出1000倍。

研究人员综合分析后认为,月球磁场在强度减弱后依然存在了至少10亿年,总持续时间应该有至少20亿年。研究人员计划接下来分析更年轻的月岩样本,以确定月球磁场完全消失的时间。

“今天月球磁场强度基本为零,”参与研究的麻省理工学院本杰明·韦斯教授在一份声明中说,“现在我们知道它是在这块岩石形成时与今天之间的某个时间点‘关闭’了。”

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