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特定岗位要“特别照顾”

2017-08-10 09:06:35   中国青年网

有研究发现,腐败多发与特定领导岗位关系密切。虽然,“常在河边走,哪有不湿鞋”并非绝对,“卖官鬻爵”多出于“吏部”而贪污公款多出于“户部”,或是戏言。但作为一种思考问题路向,值得探究。

梳理贪腐案件,发现有些问题频繁发生:一是,官员贪腐,通常容易发生在当地方或部门一把手的时段。换言之,倒在书记或市长任上的落马官员不少,有的尽管已经高升或退休,但“欠账总是要还的”。二是,分管经济、经营或者曾经主抓经济、经营工作,出问题概率不低。三是,受贿多发生在工程招投标、政府采购、审批土地使用权和矿产权等领域。“大楼盖起来,干部倒下去”,不是个别现象。

这类现象促使人们思考一个问题,特定领导岗位与贪腐是怎样关系?特殊在哪里?该如何预防?

一方面,在相同领导岗位上可能有完全不同表现:有的人秉公掌权,临深履薄,真的不“湿鞋”;有的人私欲膨胀,胆大包天,谁都拉不住。另一方面,“以权谋私”“权力寻租”等,前提是“权”;而预防腐败,必须在制度层面对权力加以规范和制约。

——认识层面,不能把“拍板”,理解成是一把手个人说了算。决策,当然要“一锤定音”,也当然要由主要领导布置任务、挂帅指挥,但不能与“民主集中制”相对立。决策、集中、拍板,就其本质来说,是“充分酝酿”的结果,是“集体讨论”的呈现,是“程序表决”确定的方案。经验表明,只有这样的决策,才比较科学,可以最大限度避免暗箱操作。哪个地方或单位,把“民主集中制”看成是走过场,或者把决策的程序看做是“多此一举”,哪个地方或单位廉政风险就比较高。或可说,人越“强势”、越“自负”,风险就大。发展下去,这类“能人”“干吏”,往往会变成脱缰野马,栽大跟头。

——工作层面,不能把“抓经济”理解为直接参与甚至干预经营活动。抓工作,当然应该“靠前指挥”“抓细抓实”,但“靠前”不是不讲规矩,“抓细”不是无视制度。为什么有的领导就是要把亲信安排在财务作主管,为什么有官员想方设法也要和各色商人“搭上线”,为什么有人对自己分管的工作没兴趣,却热衷于插手不属于自己工作范围的审批、采购、中介……利益驱使,恐怕是不可回避的直接原因。

当然,如果怕负责任,怕别人议论,就当甩手掌柜,这同样不是领导干部应有的状态。领导干部特别是分管领导,无论是决策、指导,还是监督检查,都应认真履职、有所作为。其实,只要做事情、干工作,出以公心,一定会尊崇民主集中制原则,按制度做事、照章程办事;即使有些不妥甚至失误,也属于工作层面问题。

——制度层面,应该改变“信任代替监督”的思路。不能认为监督就是怀疑、考察就是挑剔、制约就是作对。有的地方,干部自由裁量权之大,几乎没有边界,或者根本就不把边界放在眼里。有些领域,本该由市场配置的资源,职能部门就是抓住不放。这些问题,如果不在制度层面加以治理,不在约束方面下更大气力,就很难解决“如何用权,如何管事”问题,很难避免“权力寻租”的发生,很难巩固党风廉政建设和反腐败斗争已经取得的成果。

贪腐是个复杂现象,必须具体情况具体分析,不能一概而论。其实,无论在哪个领导岗位,都有拒腐防变的好干部,也有利令智昏的贪墨之徒。但,特定岗位无疑是认识问题的一个角度。这或许有些尴尬,但应该坦率正视。对高风险的特定岗位给予“特别照顾”,目的就在于——找出原因,堵漏补洞,防微杜渐,使预防腐败更加有针对性和实效性,这也是对干部的关心、爱护和帮助。(米博华)

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