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通胀舒缓 打开巴西央行降息空间

2017-08-10 08:29:00   

近日,巴西中央银行货币政策委员会宣布将基准利率下调100个基点至9.25%,这是自去年10月以来连续第七次降息。巴西央行表示,货币政策委员会将在9月初举行的会议上继续下调基准利率,届时巴西基准利率将迎来八连降。

2013年以来,巴西的基准利率一直保持在两位数水平。但从2016年底开始,为提振经济,巴西央行加速放宽货币政策,基准利率开始踏上连降之路。2016年10月19日,巴西启动四年来首次降息,将基准利率由14.25%降至14%,同年11月30日又降至13.75%。今年1月11日、2月22日、4月12日、5月31日,保持几乎每月一降的步伐,一步步降至13%、12.25%、11.25%、10.25%。7月26日的第七次下降,进一步降至9.25%,这是2013年年底以来巴西基准利率首次低于10%。至此巴西降息幅度已达5个百分点。

基准利率七连降后,巴西总统米歇尔·特梅尔在脸书上发表了对近期一系列经济指标的看法。她说:“我们的政府正在改善经济,我们有好多值得庆祝的。通货膨胀率下降到3%,基准利率降至9.25%,这是2013年8月以来的最低水平。这些好结果会激励我们继续为巴西努力工作。”随着利率降至10%以下,巴西与印度、南非、俄罗斯等大国一同将借贷成本控制在了一位数的水平。

巴西国内专家认为,巴西此前的高利率抑制消费和投资,阻碍经济发展,同时也给政府的公共债务带来巨大压力,而降息能给出现复苏迹象的巴西经济起到推动作用。目前来看,利率的下调为疲软的巴西经济注入了生机。

巴西央行数据显示,由于利率的下调以及违约率的减少,巴西的信贷市场出现复苏迹象。巴西新发放的贷款数量出现了增长,尤其是向企业发放的贷款。6月份向企业发放的贷款增长了14%,是去年12月份以来首次出现增长。巴西央行预计,下半年信贷存量将会出现增长,到今年底将会同比增长1%。

巴西央行表示,货币政策委员会将在9月初举行的会议上继续下调基准利率,但调整的节奏还要根据经济活动、风险评估、新的通胀期望值等因素来决定。目前来看,通胀率的持续下降给利率留出了下调空间,到目前为止经济条件仍然比较宽松。巴西经济学家和金融机构预测,巴西基准利率今年年底可能会降到8%,而且这一水平将维持到2021年。

纵向来看,巴西的基准利率已经降至四年来最低,但值得注意的是,实际利率(名义利率减去通胀率)仍高居全球第三。资产管理公司Infinity Asset Management公布的数据显示,在全球40个国家和地区中,俄罗斯排在第一,土耳其排名第二,巴西则位列第三,巴西的实际利率远高于中国、印度、南非等国家。(陈晓婉)

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