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1.6亿年前哺乳动物演化出滑翔功能

2017-08-10 08:28:55   

科技日报北京8月10日电 (记者许茜)记者从北京自然博物馆了解到,该馆孟庆金研究员和美国芝加哥大学罗哲西教授领导的团队发现了迄今为止最原始的滑翔哺乳动物化石,比现存最早的滑翔类哺乳动物化石早了1.1亿年。北京时间10日凌晨,相关成果的两篇论文同时在线发表于《自然》杂志。

“这些化石告诉我们,1.6亿年前哺乳动物就演化出滑翔功能。”孟庆金告诉科技日报记者,2014年,团队成员在辽宁省建昌县和河北省青龙县发现化石标本。“经过3年研究,我们确认这些标本属于两种最原始的、具有皮翼的滑翔哺乳型动物化石,它们被埋在距今约1.6亿年的晚侏罗世地层中。”

新发现的滑翔动物分别被命名为似叉骨祖翼兽和双钵翔齿兽。它们属于哺乳型动物基干支系,也是现代哺乳动物的祖先类群,均为贼兽类的新属种。

这两种哺乳动物很“小只”。似叉骨祖翼兽体重约120克到170克,在中生代哺乳动物中属中等体型;双钵翔齿兽为中生代小哺乳动物体型,体重约35克到55克。

为何判断它们属于滑翔动物呢?孟庆金说,新化石的锁骨与间锁骨已愈合,形成“Y”字形,与鸟的叉骨形状相似,并且锁骨与肩胛骨关节有很大的活动性,其四肢骨骼比例也符合滑翔功能的形态特征,能满足攀爬和滑翔需求。

“多数哺乳动物属陆栖动物,在空中飞行或滑翔的运动方式,是哺乳动物最特别的演化特征之一。”孟庆金表示,该发现说明,这类“可以飞翔”的哺乳动物,它们的祖先最早主要生活在树上,最终飞向天空,跨越了由地面栖息向空中运动的重要演化过渡。

据悉,目前该化石标本保存在北京自然博物馆。

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