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有色金属行业稳中向好

2017-08-10 06:32:38   中国青年网

其次,新旧动能转换总体缓慢,发展后劲不足。尽管当前有色金属工业新旧动能转换出现了一些亮点,但在产业体系中所占比例不大,真正实现创新驱动、内生增长、行业全面转型升级,还有很长的路要走。王华俊说,有色金属工业固定资产投资连续4年持续下降,“投资下降固然有化解产能过剩等因素的影响,但基础研究薄弱、缺乏技术支撑、高新项目储备不足,是最根本的原因,将影响行业发展后劲”。

同时,企业资金依然紧张。虽然全行业效益好转,但总体利润率不高,1月份至6月份,在规模以上企业实现利润创历史新高的情况下,行业的主营业务收入利润率仅为3.8%。加之“两高一资、两高一剩”的观念难以扭转,金融机构对有色金属行业的资金支持仍然受限,部分企业资金链依然紧张。

此外,国际贸易摩擦加剧,需求侧仍面临严峻挑战。王华俊坦言,有色金属工业是高度国际化的产业,我国铜、铝、镍等原料需要大量从国际市场进口,铝加工材、铜加工材等优良的性价比,在国际市场具有良好的需求空间。但西方国家出于自身利益,针对我国有色金属产品的国际贸易摩擦愈演愈烈,美国继去年对中国铝工业采取“332”听证调查之后,今年又启动对进口铝产品的“232调查”。一旦这些调查作出对我国不利的裁决,必然波及我国整个铝材出口,进而对铝的供需平衡产生重大影响。

下半年运行将呈波动态势

综合国内外宏观因素及有色金属产业产能过剩、创新不足、融资困难、成本上升等结构性矛盾尚未取得全面突破,产业发展持续向好的局面仍不牢固,预计下半年有色金属产业景气度或将呈波动态势,但不会出现大起大落。

“当前主要有色金属产品供应过剩是全球性问题,但也是深化产业结构调整、加快供给侧结构性改革的有利时机。”中国有色金属工业协会政策研究室主任赵武壮表示,一方面要持续加大去产能、去库存力度。过去一个时期,中国需求的持续增长,拉动了全球大宗有色金属产能持续扩张。但随着中国经济进入“新常态”,需求增速放缓,世界主要有色金属供应过剩的矛盾凸显,全球主要有色金属供应过剩的局面将会在较长时期内影响到中国乃至全球。

另一方面,要提高行业发展内生动力,推动产业升级。当前,我国有色金属行业出现了一些新亮点,形成了一些新动能,但这些新亮点和新动能,与行业的整体规模相比,所占比重很小。比如,航空铝材、动力电池材料等高端产品发展很快,锂等稀有金属供不应求,效益很好,但这些产品的市场规模很有限,对产业发展一时难以形成强大的支撑作用。由于行业发展内生动力还不强,一旦有色金属价格持续回升,很有可能引发产能扩张回潮。

“为了提高行业发展内生动力,要积极响应供给侧结构性改革,在减少无竞争力冶炼产能的同时,主动融合‘互联网+’、智能制造,加快企业向现代制造企业转型。”王华俊说,有色行业的去产能并不意味着不要产能,而是要积极发展先进产能,推动产业升级。

与此同时,还要提升有色金属企业的国际市场竞争力。有色金属行业的发展要依赖改革与创新的双驱动,谋求国际竞争,推动传统产业技术改造,逐步实现向高端化、智能化、绿色化和个性化转变。有色行业由于行业属性,在发展过程中,还需要特定政策的适当支持。比如,国家可以完善进口铜矿砂加工贸易创新管理,为中国铜冶炼企业营造一个健康稳定的发展环境,提高中国铜冶炼企业的国际市场竞争力。

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