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香港流感真的比SARS还厉害?专家:并非新病毒

2017-08-09 08:08:44   中国青年网

传说中比SARS还厉害的流感到底是怎么回事?

香港卫生署8月7日表示,自5月5日至8月6日,与流感相关的严重个案累积已达475宗,其中456宗为成人严重个案,19宗儿童严重个案。造成的死亡人数达327人,其中成人324例,儿童3例。

卫生署在向传媒发布的新闻稿中指出,上述情况已经超越2003年严重急性呼吸道综合征(SARS)时期造成299人死亡的数字。不过,卫生署新闻及公共关系组负责人强调,不同疾病的死亡人数不宜直接比较,以死亡率参考则较科学和客观。今次季节流感的大部分病人会于2至7日内自行痊愈,只有小部分病人需入院接受治疗,因此整体死亡率相信大幅低于2.1%,更远低于SARS时期17%的死亡率。

实际上,流感与严重急性呼吸道综合征(SARS)不论在病原、临床病征、严重程度、传播力、治理和预防方法等均有不同。

并非新病毒

此次引起大家关注的流感是H3N2,也就是甲3型流感病毒。已知的流感病毒有分为三类:甲型、乙型和丙型。危害最大的是甲型流感,甲型流感病毒最容易发生变异,会产生新的重配病毒。

不过,大家不要过于惊慌。上海交通大学医学院附属新华医院呼吸科主任医师韩锋锋解释,H3N2流感病毒并不是新病毒,以前也曾流行过。大多情况下,感染H3N2流感病毒后的症状,与其他流感病毒引起的症状差不多,包括发热、咳嗽、咽痛、全身酸痛、头痛、畏寒和疲劳,有些还伴有腹泻和呕吐。当然,严重者会继发重症肺炎和呼吸衰竭。

中国疾病预防控制中心国家流感中心对近期我国内地流行的甲型流感病毒H3N2病毒进行基因特性分析结果显示,未发现可导致疾病严重程度和疫苗匹配性改变的病毒基因位点突变的情况。全国流感病毒抗原性分析也提示,病毒未发生明显的抗原性变化。

流感如何预防

如何预防流感?先做到这三点:

1.勤洗手。流感高发季节,七步洗手法要学起来。饭前便后、打完喷嚏后都要洗手。

2.多开窗。室内空气不流通容易滋生细菌、病毒,多开窗,让空气流通起来,也可以避免传染。

3.避人群。流感季尽量少去人多的公共场所,避免感染。

以上三点,都可以起到预防季节性流感的作用,但易感人群,还是建议接种流感疫苗。大部分流感出现在11月到次年2月。韩锋锋表示,流感疫苗接种后并非马上起效,要获得免疫作用,最好在流感高峰期前1-2个月接种。一般每年9-11月都可以接种流感疫苗。流感疫苗接种一次可以管一年,第二年需要继续再打。

易感人群:

6月龄以上的儿童;

60岁以上的老年人;

孕妇;

有基础疾病患者,例如糖尿病、肝硬化、肿瘤患者;

患有疾病流感感染后容易发生并发症的高危人群;

医务人员;

患有疾病人群的家庭接触者和护理者;

幼儿园和托儿所工作人员。

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