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大学生记者手记:西游路上的圣婴大王

2017-08-09 10:04:24   央广网

编者按:7月24日,来自北大、清华、北航等高校的首都大学生采访团,赴西安—杨凌—兰州—敦煌—张掖进行“穿越千年丝路,寻找中国印记”集体采访活动,探寻千年丝路中的往事,触摸丝路的传承和发展,于探寻中学习,于采访中传承。本次采访活动由北京市委教育工委、人民网联合主办。

晚霞渐渐隐没到高楼之后,张掖的街头依然喧哗。街边烟酒副食店的老板李平正在给刚上初中的女儿讲述圣婴大王的传说,12岁的小女孩手捧彩图版《西游记》,一边听故事,一边兴奋地对照着插图。

李老板口中圣婴大王的故事由来已久,不仅口口相传,同时也记载在著名的张掖卧佛寺释迦牟尼涅槃像身后的墙壁上。相传很久以前,常有一个胯下骑虎,手握松树,腰裹红肚兜的妖精,自称“圣婴大王”,挟着狂风,隔三差五以村民的性命要挟,到山下村庄索要供品。最后,无奈的村民在高僧的帮助下,击败了圣婴大王。

壁画落成的三百年后,《西游记》问世了。书中的“圣婴大王”红孩儿为骗唐僧上当,“变作七岁顽童,赤条条的,身上无衣,将麻绳捆了手足,高吊在那松树梢头”,骗取了唐僧的怜悯,后花言巧语利用孙悟空驮他前行,挟走唐僧。孙悟空找到枯松涧火云洞索要师父,红孩儿手持“丈八长的火尖枪”,腰间束一条“巧绣盘龙凤”的“锦绣战裙”出洞迎战。《西游记》中的圣婴大王与民间传说一致,红孩儿也经常使得村民“少香没纸,血食全无,一个个衣不充身,食不充口。”两个圣婴大王的名号、神通、搜刮勒索的手段如出一辙。

从时间上看,远在《西游记》成书的三百年前,书中诸如此类的“雷同”如“取水子母河”、“道昧放心猿”、“婴儿戏禅心”、“大战红孩儿”、“活人参果树”、“路阻火焰山”、“大圣拜观音”、“大圣闹天宫”、“观音收怪犼”、“大闹金兜洞”等等都在卧佛寺的壁画上有所体现,而壁画上的故事发生地点都在这条中西来往要道上。与其说孙悟空是从石头缝里蹦出来的,或许承认《西游记》是从墙壁上生出来的更为合适。

这令我不禁怀疑吴承恩先生是否也曾亲踏河西走廊?也或许吴先生曾亲历卧佛寺,或许散落在张掖的民间传说渡过千山万水传到了吴先生耳中,落在了书里,著成了流传甚广的《西游记》。但文化的传播没有界限,经过了近千年审视的目光,无论以何种形式呈现,仍栩栩如生。(首都体育学院 崔一璠)

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