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上海交大研制的超强纳米陶瓷铝合金“上天了”

2017-08-09 07:46:25   央广网

人民网北京8月8日电(记者熊旭 实习生赵佳)日前,上海交通大学材料科学与工程学院王浩伟教授团队研制出超强纳米陶瓷铝合金,其强度和比刚度甚至超过“太空金属”钛合金,有助于带动航空、汽车、高铁领域步入更轻、更节能的新材料时代。

“铝很轻,但强度和硬度不高,而陶瓷的硬度比钢铁更优,二者相结合,制作出来铝基复合材料重量轻、硬度大,有韧性又不易断裂变形”,出于这样的想法,团队研究起了往铝里“掺”陶瓷。王浩伟教授介绍,团队最终采用了“原位自生技术”,通过熔体控制自生,陶瓷颗粒的尺寸由外加法的几十微米降低到纳米级,突破了国际传统方法外加陶瓷铝基复合材料塑性低、加工难等应用瓶颈。

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据悉,这种纳米陶瓷铝合金重量轻,且具有高刚度、高强度、抗疲劳、低膨胀、高阻尼、耐高温等特点,已在航天、汽车、先进电子设备领域得到了应用。王浩伟教授表示,目前纳米陶瓷铝合金已经用于天宫一号、天宫二号、量子卫星、气象卫星等关键部件。

据介绍,纳米陶瓷铝合金从研发到应用历经30多年,凝结着上海交大老、中、青五代“材料人”的心血和努力。

在我国复合材料的创始人之一、上海交大金属基复合材料国家重点实验室创建者吴人洁教授、周尧和院士指导下,王浩伟教授带着团队的青年科研骨干持续攻关,终于迎来了纳米陶瓷铝合金的诞生。“除了周尧和院士和吴人洁教授两位20年代出生的‘元老’以外,团队里的其他科研人员分别是四十年代、五六十年代、七十年代和八十年代出生的。”王浩伟教授表示,团队里的五代科研人员都敢想敢干,总是冲在国家科研最需要的第一线。纳米陶瓷铝合金要在上千摄氏度的高温炉里合成,即便夏日炎炎,他和团队成员也常常夜以继日地守在炉边反复实验。

陶铝新材料科研团队合影

据了解,纳米陶瓷铝合金的成果转化和应用得益于安徽省淮北市人民政府、上海交通大学、上海均瑶(集团)有限公司、安徽相邦复合材料有限公司的四方合作。“如今的四方合作将搭建一个有利于纳米陶瓷铝合金拓展应用的市场化运作平台,建立具有自主知识产权的材料生产、产品设计、制造工艺以及使用标准等成套体系。”上海交大先进产业技术研究院院长刘燕刚说。

上海交大副校长吴旦说,“我们需要为科研成果开辟一条‘绿色通道’,并形成有成效、可复制的经验,让越来越多的成果走向产业化,产生更大的社会价值。”

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