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讲好中国故事需创新对外翻译(新知新觉)

2017-08-09 07:33:06   中国青年网

讲好中国故事、传播好中国声音,需要创新中华文化的对外翻译工作。近年来,我国的外译工作取得长足发展,但也面临外译产品数量多、接受度差,投资大、效益低等问题。随着网络信息技术的发展,翻译过程(如计算机辅助翻译、在线翻译、云翻译)和翻译形式(如众包、众筹)等都出现了新的突破。做好中华文化外译工作,应适应网络时代发展趋势,在外译的理念和方法上进行创新。为此,要着重从外译的主体、时空、手段、客体等方面进行创新设计。

优化翻译主体。应从资源投入和效益产出角度,对中华文化外译的主体进行优化组合。从选择的优先次序看,人机互助外译是最优选择,其次是中外合作外译,再次是中国译者外译,最后是机译。之所以把人机互助外译放在第一位,是因为它可以充分利用互联网、语料库、云计算、大数据等技术手段实现资源共享和知识管理,突破人译在时空和个体思维上的局限,具有明显优势。中外合作外译优先于中国译者外译,是因为它有利于充分发挥双语言、双文化专家的优势。

做好时间和空间规划。外译时间和空间规划是编制中华文化外译发展规划时必须考虑的问题。外译时间规划主要应考虑外译何时的中华文化。总体而言,应以现当代为主、近古代为辅,变“啃老”为推新,以求增进其他国家对当下中国的了解。外译空间规划要综合考虑国内外政治、经济、地缘等状况,可根据相对文化距离和地位设计优先序列。比如,可以把与我国文化距离大的地区或者经贸往来密切的地区作为优先外译方向。

选择适宜的翻译手段。应根据外译的具体需求和不同翻译技术的特点来选择适宜的翻译手段。网络翻译涵盖互联网和云翻译技术应用,应作为互联网时代的首选。移动—语音翻译通过移动终端、利用移动互联网和翻译软件提供在线翻译服务,便捷性强。外包翻译则利用在线交易平台和翻译社区将翻译服务直销给客户,针对性强。众包翻译即广泛利用“草根译者”在特定时间内在线完成特定翻译任务,参与性强。

区分外译的类别与缓急。就外译类别而言,其内容上有难易之分,所以需要分清层次和缓急。如产品、品牌、标准等,是文化要素或文化景观的物质表现,其传播有利于我国参与经济全球化,最需外译和传播。精神文化影响面广,是外译的主体,其外译有助于消除文化隔阂,应紧随或融入物质文化外译。制度文化涉及政治制度、经济制度、法律制度、人际关系准则等,外译难度较大,需要把文化互通的基础打牢。

(作者为广东外语外贸大学教授)

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